Wiktionary

己

See also: 乙, 已, and 巳
己 U+5DF1, 己
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DF1
← 巰
[U+5DF0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 已 →
[U+5DF2]
⼰ U+2F30, ⼰
KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF
← ⼯
[U+2F2F] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼱ →
[U+2F31]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 49 己

己 (Kangxi radical 49, 己+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸山 (SU), four-corner 17717, composition ⿳𠃍一乚)

  1. Kangxi radical #49, ⼰.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №518

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 己:
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/己部/己部#己|己部/己部]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8742
  • Dae Jaweon: page 630, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 983, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5DF1

Baekje edit

Noun edit

己 (*kɨ) (Nihon shoki 基 or 紀)

  1. walled settlement
    Synonyms: 忽 (xol), サシ (casI)

Descendants edit

  • → Old Japanese: 城 (ki2)
    • Japanese: 城 (ki)

References edit

  • John Bentley (2000) “New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon shoki”, in Language Research‎[1], volume 36, number 2, Seoul National University, pages 417—443
  • Alexander Vovin (2005) “Koguryo and Paekche: Different Languages or Dialects of Old Korean?”, in Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies, volume 2, number 2, Koguryo Research Foundation, pages 108—140
  • Alexander Vovin (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎[2], volume 15, number 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 222—240

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 己
alternative forms 𢀒
 
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Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 己
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
改 *klɯːʔ
跽 *ɡrɯʔ
己 *kɯʔ
紀 *kɯʔ
妀 *kɯʔ
記 *kɯs
杞 *kʰɯʔ
屺 *kʰɯʔ
芑 *kʰɯʔ
邔 *kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘 *kʰɯʔ
忌 *ɡɯs
鵋 *ɡɯs
誋 *ɡɯs
梞 *ɡɯs

Pictogram (象形) – silk rope for binding objects. Original form of 紀 (OC *kɯʔ). The character must not be confused with 已 and 巳.

Etymology edit

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note: kī - vernacular, kí - literary.
Note: gi7 - used in 家己.
Rime
Character 己
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居里切
Baxter kiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨX/
Li
Rong 		/kiəX/
Wang
Li 		/kĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gei2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 己 己
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐ jǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kiX › ‹ kiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k(r)əʔ/ /*k(r)əʔ/
English 6th heavenly stem self

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 己
Reading # 1/1
No. 5765
Phonetic
component 		己
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯʔ/

Definitions edit

己

  1. self; oneself
  2. personal; private
  3. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
  4. a surname

Coordinate terms edit

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Definitions edit

己

  1. Only used in 潮州音樂——自己顧自己／潮州音乐——自己顾自己.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

己

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. itself, oneself

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Usage notes edit

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ko2⟩ and ⟨go2⟩.

Etymology 1 edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
己
き
Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 己 (MC kiX).

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

己(き) • (Ki) 

  1. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
己
つちのと
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 土 (tsuchi, “earth”, one of the Chinese five elements) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

己(つちのと) • (Tsuchinoto) 

  1. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
己
おのれ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From 己 (ono, reflexive or first-person pronoun, see below) +‎ れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending).

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

  1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
  2. first-person pronoun: I, me
  3. second-person pronoun: you (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    Synonyms: お前 (omae), 貴様 (kisama)
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
See also edit
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person) 		na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person) 		k-
“this”
(close to speaker) 		s-
“that”
(close to listener) 		a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both) 		i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative) 		ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Person あ (a)
あれ (are)
わ (wa)
われ (ware)
まろ (maro) 		な (na)
なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi) 		こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		た (ta)
たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi) 		おの (ono)
おのれ (onore)
Thing こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Location ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko) 		いづく (izuku)
いづこ (izuko)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Direction こち (kochi)
こなた (konata) 		そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata) 		あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata) 		いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner か (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō) 		さ (sa)
さて (sate)
しか (shika) 		いか (ika)
Time いつ (itsu)

Adverb edit

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

  1. by oneself
    Synonyms: 自然に (shizen ni), 独りでに (hitori de ni)

Interjection edit

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

  1. An interjection expressing anger or chagrin

Etymology 4 edit

Kanji in this term
己
おの
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Seemingly akin to Miyako ッヴァ (vva, 2nd person singular pronoun). See also うぬ (unu) and うな (una).

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

己(おの) • (ono) 

  1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
  2. first-person pronoun: I, me
    Synonyms: 私 (watakushi), 我 (ware)
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
See also edit
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person) 		na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person) 		k-
“this”
(close to speaker) 		s-
“that”
(close to listener) 		a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both) 		i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative) 		ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Person あ (a)
あれ (are)
わ (wa)
われ (ware)
まろ (maro) 		な (na)
なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi) 		こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		た (ta)
たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi) 		おの (ono)
おのれ (onore)
Thing こ (ko)
これ (kore) 		そ (so)
それ (sore) 		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare) 		いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Location ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko) 		いづく (izuku)
いづこ (izuko)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Direction こち (kochi)
こなた (konata) 		そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata) 		あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata) 		いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner か (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō) 		さ (sa)
さて (sate)
しか (shika) 		いか (ika)
Time いつ (itsu)

Etymology 5 edit

Kanji in this term
己
おれ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

己(おれ) • (ore) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 俺 (ore): first-person pronoun: I, me
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Etymology 6 edit

Kanji in this term
己
おら
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun edit

己(おら) • (ora) 

  1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 7 edit

Kanji in this term
己
うぬ
Grade: 6
irregular

Sound shift from ono (see above).[1]

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

  • Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

Pronoun edit

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

  1. second-person pronoun: you
  2. reflexive pronoun: oneself
    Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)
Derived terms edit

Interjection edit

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

  1. (vulgar) you!; you blockhead!

Etymology 8 edit

Kanji in this term
己
うら
Grade: 6
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun edit

己(うら) • (ura) 

  1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 9 edit

Kanji in this term
己
おどれ
Grade: 6
irregular

Sound shift from onore (see above).[1]

Pronoun edit

己(おどれ) • (odore) 

  1. second-person pronoun: you
    Synonyms: 己 (unu), 貴様 (kisama)

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

己 (eumhun 자기 기 (jagi gi))

  1. Hanja form? of 기 (“self”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

己: Hán Nôm readings: kỷ, kỉ, kỳ

  1. chữ Hán form of Kỉ (“sixth of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds edit

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