烈士

Chinese

		ardent; intense; split ardent; intense; split; crack; rend	scholar; warrior; knight
trad. (烈士)		烈	士
simp. #(烈士)		烈	士

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lièshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lit⁶ si⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lie̍t-sṳ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t-sū / lia̍t-sǐr / liat-sǐr

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liag⁸ se⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lièshì → lièshi (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄕˋ → ㄌㄧㄝˋ ˙ㄕ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lièshi̊h
    • Wade–Giles: lieh⁴-shih⁵
    • Yale: lyè-shr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lieh.shyh
    • Palladius: леши (leši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ → /li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 劣勢／劣势 烈士

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lit⁶ si⁶
    • Yale: liht sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lit⁹ si⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lid⁶ xi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːt̚² siː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lie̍t-sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: lied sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liad⁶ si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯et̚⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t-sū
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍t-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liadsu
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su²²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² su²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² su³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t-sǐr
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍t-sǐr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛt̚²⁴⁻² sɯ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liat-sǐr
    • Tâi-lô: liat-sǐr
    • IPA (Longyan): /liɛt̚⁵⁻³⁴ sz̩⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liag⁸ se⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lia̍k sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liak̚⁴⁻² sɯ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ljet dzriX

Rime
Character	烈	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	薛 (81)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	良辥切	鉏里切
Baxter	ljet	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇt̚/	/d͡ʒɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛt̚/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæt̚/	/d͡ʒieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liat̚/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li Rong	/liɛt̚/	/d͡ʒiəX/
Wang Li	/lĭɛt̚/	/d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛt̚/	/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liè	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lit6	zi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]at  [m-s-]rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*red  zrɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	烈	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liè	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ ljet ›	‹ dzriX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]at/	/*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English	blazing; brilliant	officer; gentleman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	烈	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8130	11511
Phonetic component	列	士
Rime group	月	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime		士
Old Chinese	/*red/	/*zrɯʔ/

Noun

烈士

1. martyr
2. person with great ambition, spirits, or passion

   • 貪夫徇財，烈士徇名。夸者死權，品庶每生。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     贪夫徇财，烈士徇名。夸者死权，品庶每生。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 174 BCE, Jia Yi (賈誼), The Owl (《鵩鳥賦》). Translated by Burton Watson.

     Tānfū xùncái, lièshì xùnmíng. Kuāzhě sǐquán, pǐnshù měishēng. [Pinyin]

     The covetous run after riches,
     The impassioned pursue a fair name;
     The proud die struggling for power,
     While the people long only to live.

   • 老驥伏櫪，志在千里；烈士暮年，壯心不已。 [MSC, trad.]
     老骥伏枥，志在千里；烈士暮年，壮心不已。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: c. 207, Cao Cao (曹操), Though the Tortoise Lives Long (《步出夏門行·龜雖壽》)

     Lǎojì fúlì, zhìzài qiānlǐ; lièshì mùnián, zhuàngxīn bùyǐ. [Pinyin]

     An old war-horse may be stabled,
     Yet still it longs to gallop a thousand li;
     And a noble-hearted man though advanced in years
     Never abandons his proud aspirations.

Synonyms

• (martyr): 英烈 (yīngliè)
• (person with great ambition): 志士 (zhìshì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (烈士):

• → Japanese: 烈(れっ)士(し) (resshi)
• → Korean: 열사(烈士) (yeolsa)
• → Vietnamese: liệt sĩ (烈士)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
烈	士
れつ > れっ Grade: S	し Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) れ​っし [réꜜsshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ɕːi]

Noun

烈(れっ)士(し) • (resshi) 

1. martyr, hero

   Synonym: 烈夫

Korean

Hanja in this term
烈	士

Noun

烈士 • (yeolsa) (hangeul 열사)

1. Hanja form^? of 열사 (“martyr”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
烈	士

Noun

烈士

1. chữ Hán form of liệt sĩ (“martyr”).