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U+592B, 夫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592B

[U+592A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+592C]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 37, +1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 手人 (QO), four-corner 50030, composition or )

See also edit

  • (top simplified from 竝 and 兟)

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 248, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5835
  • Dae Jaweon: page 507, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 521, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+592B

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (man) + (hairpin) – a man with a hairpin in his hair.

In ancient times, when men reached the age of 20, they bound their hair with a hairpin during the Guan Li ceremony. The hairpin is the sign of “a grownup man”.

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷa (male, father, third-person pronoun). Cognate with Tibetan ཕ། (pha, father), Burmese (bha., father). Possibly related to (OC *paʔ, *baʔ, “father”).

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • hŭ - literary;
  • buŏ - vernacular.
Note:
  • hu - literary;
  • po͘ - vernacular.
Note:
  • hu1 - literary;
  • bou1 - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (1)
Final () (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter pju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/pio/
Shao
Rongfen
/pio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/puə̆/
Li
Rong
/pio/
Wang
Li
/pĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fu1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ pju ›
Old
Chinese
/*p(r)a/
English man

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 3274
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*pa/

Definitions edit

  1. male adult; man
  2. husband
      ―  qián  ―  ex-husband
      ―    ―  married couple
  3. manual worker
      ―  nóng  ―  peasant
      ―    ―  fisherman
  4. conscripted laborer
Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

  • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰuəᴬ

Etymology 2 edit

“That”. Schuessler (2007) connects this with Proto-Loloish *m-ba (“on the other side”), Tibetan (pha, beyond, farther on, onward). Maybe related to (OC *pralʔ, “that”). Pulleyblank (1995) relates the introductory particle sense with (OC *bom).

In the sense "is it not?", probably a contraction of (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') and (OC *ɢaː) (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 145).

Pronunciation edit


Note: hu7 - sentence-final..

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter bju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/bio/
Shao
Rongfen
/bio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/buə̆/
Li
Rong
/bio/
Wang
Li
/bĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fu4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ bju › ‹ bju ›
Old
Chinese
/*[b]a/ /*ba/
English this, that final particle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 3281
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ba/

Definitions edit

  1. A generic personal pronoun – he; she; it; they.
  2. A generic demonstrative pronoun – this; that; these; those.
  3. Sentence-initial particle which introduces a topic.
  4. Sentence-final particle, meaning “Is it not?”.
  5. Meaningless particle in the middle of a sentence.
Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 3 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character is the second-round simplified form of ).
Notes:

Etymology 4 edit

Short for 夫佬 (fu1 lou2).

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

  1. (Cantonese, informal, card games) full house

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. man
  2. husband
  3. that, those

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
おっと
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Shift from older unattested 男人 (wofito), synchronically analyzable as a compound of (wo → o, male, man) +‎ (fito → hito, person).[1][2][3]

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *wopitə, with many Ryukyuan cognates.

First attested in roughly 1220.[1]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

(おっと) (ottoをつと (wotuto)?

  1. [from 1220] husband

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
つま
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[6]

Cognate with (tsuma, edge, side of something), from the sense of "person by one's side".[6][2]

Generally spelled in reference to a husband and in reference to a wife.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

(つま) (tsuma

  1. [from 712] spouse, consort
    Coordinate terms: (tsuma, wife), (otto, husband)
Usage notes edit

In modern usage, the term tsuma is usually reserved for the sense wife, and is therefore spelled in kanji, while husband is usually expressed using the term (otto).[5]

References edit

  1. 1.0 1.1 夫・良人・所天”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. 2.0 2.1 ”, in デジタル大辞泉[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. 6.0 6.1 妻・夫”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese (MC pju). Recorded as Middle Korean (pwu) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 사나이 (sanai bu))

  1. Hanja form? of (man; husband).

Compounds edit

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: phu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.