hal
Azerbaijani edit
Cyrillic | һал | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | حال |
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
hal (definite accusative halı, sound plural hallar, broken plural əhval)
- condition, state
- state of mind, mood
- Synonym: əhval-ruhiyyə
- the physical or mental strength to do something
- (grammar) case
Declension edit
Declension of hal | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
sound | broken | |||||||
nominative | hal |
hallar |
əhval | |||||
definite accusative | halı |
halları |
əhvalı | |||||
dative | hala |
hallara |
əhvala | |||||
locative | halda |
hallarda |
əhvalda | |||||
ablative | haldan |
hallardan |
əhvaldan | |||||
definite genitive | halın |
halların |
əhvalın |
Derived terms edit
- hal-əhval
- halsız
- hallanmaq
- adlıq hal (“nominative”)
- yiyəlik hal (“genitive”)
- təsirlik hal (“accusative”)
- yerlik hal (“locative”)
- çıxışlıq hal (“ablative”)
- birgəlik hal (“comitative”)
- alətlik hal (“instrumental case”)
- barəlik hal (“prepositional case”)
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “hal” in Obastan.com.
Burushaski edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hal (plural haljo)
References edit
Sadaf Munshi (2015) “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project[2].
Chut edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Vietic *haːr; cognate with Vietnamese hai, Muong hal.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
hal
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
hal
Danish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Old Norse hǫll (“large living room”)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hal c (singular definite hallen, plural indefinite haller)
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See hale.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
hal
- imperative of hale
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch halle, from Old Dutch *halla, from Proto-West Germanic *hallu, from Proto-Germanic *hallō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, cover, conceal”).
Cognate with Low German Hall, German Halle, English hall, Danish hall.
Noun edit
hal f (plural hallen, diminutive halletje n)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
hal n (plural hallen, diminutive halletje n)
Haida edit
Pronoun edit
hal
- he, she, it (3rd person singular personal pronoun, weak-A or weak-B)
- his, her, its, their (3rd person possessive pronoun, weak-B)
Usage notes edit
- Weak pronouns are placed right before the verb; strong pronouns are placed at the start of the sentence (focus position) and are followed by the focus marker uu.
- Some Haida verbs use pronouns from set A, while other verbs need pronouns from set B.
See also edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognates include Northern Khanty [script needed] (χŭᴧ), Northern Mansi [script needed] (χūl), Erzya and Moksha кал (kal), Finnish and Estonian kala.[1][2]
Noun edit
hal (plural halak)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | hal | halak |
accusative | halat | halakat |
dative | halnak | halaknak |
instrumental | hallal | halakkal |
causal-final | halért | halakért |
translative | hallá | halakká |
terminative | halig | halakig |
essive-formal | halként | halakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | halban | halakban |
superessive | halon | halakon |
adessive | halnál | halaknál |
illative | halba | halakba |
sublative | halra | halakra |
allative | halhoz | halakhoz |
elative | halból | halakból |
delative | halról | halakról |
ablative | haltól | halaktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
halé | halaké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
haléi | halakéi |
Possessive forms of hal | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | halam | halaim |
2nd person sing. | halad | halaid |
3rd person sing. | hala | halai |
1st person plural | halunk | halaink |
2nd person plural | halatok | halaitok |
3rd person plural | haluk | halaik |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Uralic *kale-. Cognates include Northern Mansi хо̄луӈкве (hōluňkwe), Finnish kuolla, Erzya and Moksha куломс (kuloms).
Verb edit
hal
- (intransitive) to die (to stop living; to become dead)
- Perfective: meghal
Usage notes edit
This form normally occurs when a verbal prefix is separated from the verb:
- hal (…) meg, meg … hal ― meghal
- and some more, see its derivatives with verbal prefixes.
Conjugation edit
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | halok | halsz | hal | halunk | haltok | halnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | haltam | haltál | halt | haltunk | haltatok | haltak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. halni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | halék | halál | hala | halánk | halátok | halának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hal vala, halt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | halandok | halandasz | haland | halandunk | halandotok | halandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | halnék | halnál | halna | halnánk | halnátok | halnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. halt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | haljak | halj or haljál |
haljon | haljunk | haljatok | haljanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. halt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | halni | halnom | halnod | halnia | halnunk | halnotok | halniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
halás | haló | halt or halott | ― | halva (halván) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | halhatok | halhatsz | halhat | halhatunk | halhattok | halhatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | halhattam | halhattál | halhatott | halhattunk | halhattatok | halhattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | halhaték | halhatál | halhata | halhatánk | halhatátok | halhatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. halhat vala, halhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | halhatandok or halandhatok |
halhatandasz or halandhatsz |
halhatand or halandhat |
halhatandunk or halandhatunk |
halhatandotok or halandhattok |
halhatandanak or halandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | halhatnék | halhatnál | halhatna | halhatnánk | halhatnátok | halhatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. halhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | halhassak | halhass or halhassál |
halhasson | halhassunk | halhassatok | halhassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. halhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (halhatni) | (halhatnom) | (halhatnod) | (halhatnia) | (halhatnunk) | (halhatnotok) | (halhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (halhatva / halhatván) | ||||
Derived terms edit
(With verbal prefixes):
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Entry #228 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ hal in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- (fish): hal in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to die): hal in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic edit
Noun edit
hal
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Malay hal, from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).[1]
Noun edit
hal (plural hal-hal, first-person possessive halku, second-person possessive halmu, third-person possessive halnya)
Synonyms edit
- (circumstance, state, condition) kondisi, keadaan, situasi
- (affair, problem, case) permasalahan, kasus
- (cause) sebab
Derived terms edit
- berhal (“to be busy, to have problem”)
- terhal (“to be obstructed, to be held”)
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
hal (plural hal-hal, first-person possessive halku, second-person possessive halmu, third-person possessive halnya)
References edit
Further reading edit
- “hal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Luxembourgish edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
hal
Maleng edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Vietic *haːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar; cognate with Vietnamese hai.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
hal
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
hal (plural hales)
- Alternative form of halle (“hall”)
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
hal (plural halles)
- Alternative form of al (“awl”)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
hal (plural hales)
- Alternative form of hale (“nook, cranny”)
Etymology 4 edit
Adjective edit
hal
- (Northern) Alternative form of hole (“healthy, whole”)
Descendants edit
Etymology 5 edit
Verb edit
hal
Muong edit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : hal | ||
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Vietic *haːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar; cognate with Vietnamese hai.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
hal
- (Mường Bi, cardinal numbers) two
Old English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos (“healthy, whole, intact, well-omened”).
Cognate with Old Frisian hēl (West Frisian hiel), Old Saxon hēl (Low German hel, heel, heil) Dutch heel, geheel (“healthy”), Old High German heil (German heil (“healthy”)), Old Norse heill (Danish and Swedish hel (“whole”)), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails), Vandalic eils. The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic целъ (celŭ) (Russian це́лый (célyj, “whole, healthy”)), Ancient Greek κοῖλυ (koîlu, “goodness, beauty”), Welsh coel (“sign”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
hāl
- sound, healthy, intact
- Iosep axode hwæðer hira fæder wære hal.
- Joseph asked whether their father was well.
- (Genesis)
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
- Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?
- If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?
- whole, undivided
Declension edit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | hāl | hāl | hāl |
Accusative | hālne | hāle | hāl |
Genitive | hāles | hālre | hāles |
Dative | hālum | hālre | hālum |
Instrumental | hāle | hālre | hāle |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | hāle | hāla, hāle | hāl |
Accusative | hāle | hāla, hāle | hāl |
Genitive | hālra | hālra | hālra |
Dative | hālum | hālum | hālum |
Instrumental | hālum | hālum | hālum |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hal f
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حال (hal), from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).
Noun edit
hal n (uncountable)
- situation or condition, most often a bad one
- El a ajuns într-un asemenea hal încât e nevoit să își vândă hainele.
- He's got into such a situation that he needs to sell his clothes.
- way (with a negative connotation)
- Doar uitați-vă în ce hal se îmbracă!
- Just look at the way she dresses!
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
hal
- Romanization of 𒄬 (ḫal)
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
hal (comparative halare, superlative halast)
- slippery (having low friction (and therefore being easy to slip on))
- slippery (evasive (and dishonest))
Declension edit
Inflection of hal | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | hal | halare | halast |
Neuter singular | halt | halare | halast |
Plural | hala | halare | halast |
Masculine plural3 | hale | halare | halast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | hale | halare | halaste |
All | hala | halare | halaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Related terms edit
References edit
Tagalog edit
Adverb edit
hal (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜎ᜔)
Tho edit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : hal | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Vietic *haːr; cognate with Vietnamese hai, Muong hal.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
hal
Turkish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
hal (definite accusative hali, plural haller)
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | hal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | hali | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | hal | haller | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | hali | halleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | hale | hallere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | halde | hallerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | halden | hallerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | halin | hallerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Etymology 2 edit
From Ottoman Turkish حل, from Arabic حَلّ (ḥall).
Noun edit
hal (definite accusative halli, plural haller)
- solution
- Synonym: çözüm
- Meselenin hallini üzerine aldı.
- [He/She/It] took the solution of the issue on [him/her/it]self.
Usage notes edit
- Not to be confused with hâl (situation or grammar case)
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | hal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | halli | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | hal | haller | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | halli | halleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | halle | hallere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | halde | hallerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | halden | hallerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | hallin | hallerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Related terms edit
References edit
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hal2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Zazaki edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
hal