πύργος
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
The word is first attested in Homer, Iliad 7.219. Believed to be a borrowed word, perhaps from Urartian 𒁓𒂵𒈾 (bur-ga-na /burgana/, “pillar, column; altar, base, or built-up foundation”), however this may itself be a loan with no known Hurrian cognate; compare also Old Armenian բուրգն (burgn, “pyramid”). Others connect the word to Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg (English borough). Kretschmer suggested a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortified town, hill-fort”) mediated through some Northern Balkans language (Ancient Macedonian?). For Beekes, the abundance of Pre-Greek placenames, like e. g. Πέργαμον (Pérgamon), seems to indicate a Pre-Greek origin.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pýr.ɡos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpyr.ɡos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpyr.ɣos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpyr.ɣos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpir.ɣos/
Noun edit
πῠ́ργος • (púrgos) m (genitive πῠ́ργου); second declension
- tower, watchtower
- (in the plural) towered wall
- the part of the house where women live
- castle, fortress, bulwark
- (military) division, column
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ πῠ́ργος ho púrgos |
τὼ πῠ́ργω tṑ púrgō |
οἱ πῠ́ργοι hoi púrgoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ πῠ́ργου toû púrgou |
τοῖν πῠ́ργοιν toîn púrgoin |
τῶν πῠ́ργων tôn púrgōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ πῠ́ργῳ tôi púrgōi |
τοῖν πῠ́ργοιν toîn púrgoin |
τοῖς πῠ́ργοις toîs púrgois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν πῠ́ργον tòn púrgon |
τὼ πῠ́ργω tṑ púrgō |
τοὺς πῠ́ργους toùs púrgous | ||||||||||
Vocative | πῠ́ργε púrge |
πῠ́ργω púrgō |
πῠ́ργοι púrgoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms edit
- πῠργοφῠ́λᾰξ (purgophúlax)
- Πυργούσσα (Purgoússa)
Descendants edit
- Greek: πύργος (pýrgos)
- →? Albanian: burg
- →? Late Latin: burgus (see there for further descendants)
- → Turkish: burgaz
Further reading edit
- “πύργος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πύργος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πύργος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πύργος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- πύργος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πύργος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4444 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- πύργος - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.
Greek edit
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
πύργος • (pýrgos) m (plural πύργοι)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- ακροπύργιο n (akropýrgio, “castle keep”)
See also edit
Chess pieces in Greek · πεσσοί (pessoí) (layout · text) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
βασιλιάς (vasiliás) | βασίλισσα (vasílissa) | πύργος (pýrgos) | αξιωματικός (axiomatikós), τρελός (trelós) | ίππος (íppos) | στρατιώτης (stratiótis), πιόνι (pióni) |
Further reading edit
- πύργος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el