πύργος
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editThe word is first attested in Homer, Iliad 7.219. Believed to be a borrowed word, perhaps from Urartian 𒁓𒂵𒈾 (bur-ga-na /burgana/, “pillar, column; altar, base, or built-up foundation”), however this may itself be a loan with no known Hurrian cognate; compare also Old Armenian բուրգն (burgn, “pyramid”). Others connect the word to Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg (English borough). Kretschmer suggested a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortified town, hill-fort”) mediated through some Northern Balkans language (Ancient Macedonian?). For Beekes, the abundance of Pre-Greek placenames, like e. g. Πέργαμον (Pérgamon), seems to indicate a Pre-Greek origin.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pýr.ɡos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpyr.ɡos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpyr.ɣos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpyr.ɣos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpir.ɣos/
Noun
editπῠ́ργος • (púrgos) m (genitive πῠ́ργου); second declension
- tower, watchtower
- (in the plural) towered wall
- the part of the house where women live
- castle, fortress, bulwark
- (military) division, column
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ πῠ́ργος ho púrgos |
τὼ πῠ́ργω tṑ púrgō |
οἱ πῠ́ργοι hoi púrgoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ πῠ́ργου toû púrgou |
τοῖν πῠ́ργοιν toîn púrgoin |
τῶν πῠ́ργων tôn púrgōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ πῠ́ργῳ tôi púrgōi |
τοῖν πῠ́ργοιν toîn púrgoin |
τοῖς πῠ́ργοις toîs púrgois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν πῠ́ργον tòn púrgon |
τὼ πῠ́ργω tṑ púrgō |
τοὺς πῠ́ργους toùs púrgous | ||||||||||
Vocative | πῠ́ργε púrge |
πῠ́ργω púrgō |
πῠ́ργοι púrgoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
edit- πῠργοφῠ́λᾰξ (purgophúlax)
- Πυργούσσα (Purgoússa)
Descendants
edit- Greek: πύργος (pýrgos)
- →? Albanian: burg
- →? Late Latin: burgus (see there for further descendants)
- → Turkish: burgaz
Further reading
edit- “πύργος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πύργος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πύργος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πύργος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- πύργος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πύργος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4444 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- “πύργος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editπύργος • (pýrgos) m (plural πύργοι)
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- ακροπύργιο n (akropýrgio, “castle keep”)
See also
editChess pieces in Greek · πεσσοί (pessoí) (layout · text) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
βασιλιάς (vasiliás) | βασίλισσα (vasílissa) | πύργος (pýrgos) | αξιωματικός (axiomatikós), τρελός (trelós) | ίππος (íppos) | στρατιώτης (stratiótis), πιόνι (pióni) |
Further reading
edit- πύργος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Urartian
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Ancient Macedonian
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- grc:Military
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek terms with audio pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- Greek terms with usage examples
- el:Chess
- Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'
- el:Buildings