брат
BelarusianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Belarusian братъ (brat), from Old East Slavic братъ (bratŭ), from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
брат • (brat) m pers (genitive бра́та, nominative plural браты́, genitive plural брато́ў, feminine сястра́, related adjective бра́цкі or братэ́рскі, diminutive бра́цік)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | брат brat |
браты́ bratý |
genitive | бра́та bráta |
брато́ў bratóŭ |
dative | бра́ту brátu |
брата́м bratám |
accusative | бра́та bráta |
брато́ў bratóŭ |
instrumental | бра́там brátam |
брата́мі bratámi |
locative | бра́це brácje |
брата́х bratáx |
count form | — | бра́ты1 bráty1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
Derived termsEdit
- бра́цкі (brácki), братэ́рскі (bratérski)
- бра́цтва (bráctva), братэ́рства (bratérstva)
- стрые́чны брат (stryjéčny brat)
BulgarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
брат • (brat) m (related adjective бра́тов or бра́тски, diminutive бра́тец or братле́ or брато́к or бра́тче)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | брат brat |
бра́тя, бра́те1, бра́кя1, бра́йкя1, бра́тия2 brátja, bráte1, brákja1, brájkja1, brátija2 |
definite (subject form) |
бра́тът brátǎt |
бра́тята, бра́тете1, бра́кята1, бра́йкята1, бра́тията2 brátjata, brátete1, brákjata1, brájkjata1, brátijata2 |
definite (object form) |
бра́та bráta | |
vocative form | бра́те, бра́тко bráte, brátko |
бра́тя, бра́те1, бра́кя1, бра́йкя1, бра́тия2 brátja, bráte1, brákja1, brájkja1, brátija2 |
1Dialectal.
2Archaic.
MacedonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
брат • (brat) m (plural бра́ќа, feminine се́стра, related adjective бра́тски, diminutive бра́тче or ба́то or ба́те or ба́тко)
- brother
- Бра́т ми се пресели во Лондон. ― Brát mi se preseli vo London. ― My brother has moved to London.
- (slang) bro, mate, pal, dude, buddy, bud, dawg (to address somebody, usually used by youngsters)
- Ка́ј си, бе, брат? ― Káj si, be, brat? ― What's up, bro?
- Шо́ има, брат? ― Šó ima, brat? ― What up, dawg?
- Брат, ќе одиме на́ кафе или слабо? ― Brat, ḱe odime ná kafe ili slabo? ― Bro, we goin' for coffee or nah?
- Брат, мораш да го видиш ова. ― Brat, moraš da go vidiš ova. ― Dude, you have to see this.
- Не́, бе, брат. ― Né, be, brat. ― Nah, man/bro/mate/dude.
- (colloquial) Used to designate someone resembling the person in question, especially in character (hyperbolically suggesting that he could therefore be that person's brother).
Usage notesEdit
- When this word is used in the sense of "brother", the vocative form is mostly "брату". When it's used in the sense of "mate", "pal", or "buddy", the vocative form is mostly "брате". However, in the second sense, the vocative form is not used. Among youngsters, the basic form "брат" is dominant (and quite popular, at that).
- With акцентски целости (common stress) it should be pronounced as one word, на́ кафе, but common stress has vanished in most sentences in Northern, Central (only youngsters) and Eastern Macedonia, resulting in на ка́фе. Macedonians from the other parts still use common stress (standard Macedonian) among them in every form.
DeclensionEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “брат” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
RussianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- братъ (brat) – Pre-reform orthography (1918)
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Old East Slavic братъ (bratŭ), from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
Cognates include Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ), Latin frater, English brother and English pal.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
брат • (brat) m anim (genitive бра́та, nominative plural бра́тья*, genitive plural бра́тьев*, related adjective бра́тский, diminutive бра́тик or бра́тец or брато́к or брати́шка) (* The soft ending of the plural was originally used for feminine collective nouns, and the meaning of братья then was brotherhood.)
- brother
- родно́й брат ― rodnój brat ― brother (sibling)
- двою́родный брат ― dvojúrodnyj brat ― cousin, first cousin
- трою́родный брат ― trojúrodnyj brat ― second cousin
- единокро́вный брат ― jedinokróvnyj brat ― paternal half brother
- единоутро́бный брат ― jedinoutróbnyj brat ― maternal half brother
- сво́дный брат ― svódnyj brat ― stepbrother
- old boy, pal
- kind, sort
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | бра́т brát |
бра́тья△* brátʹja△* |
genitive | бра́та bráta |
бра́тьев△* brátʹjev△* |
dative | бра́ту brátu |
бра́тьям△* brátʹjam△* |
accusative | бра́та bráta |
бра́тьев△* brátʹjev△* |
instrumental | бра́том brátom |
бра́тьями△* brátʹjami△* |
prepositional | бра́те bráte |
бра́тьях△* brátʹjax△* |
vocative | бра́те bráte |
△ Irregular.
* The soft ending of the plural was originally used for feminine collective nouns, and the meaning of братья then was brotherhood.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
RusynEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
NounEdit
брат • (brat) m
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative (номінатів) |
брат | бра́ты |
genitive (ґенітів) |
бра́та | бра́тӱв |
dative (датів) |
бра́тови, бра́ту | бра́тям, бра́тӱм |
accusative (акузатів) |
бра́та | бра́тӱв |
instrumental (інштрументал) |
бра́том | бра́тами |
locative (локал) |
бра́ту | бра́тях |
vocative (вокатів) |
бра́те | бра́ты |
Further readingEdit
- Kercha, Ihor (2012), “брат”, in Словник русько-русинськый: у 2 т. [Russian-Rusyn Dictionary: in 2 vols] (in Russian, Rusyn), Uzhhorod: PoliPrint
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
бра̏т m (Latin spelling brȁt)
Usage notesEdit
There is no plural form for this noun. Instead, the collective term бра̏ћа is used for plural meanings.
DeclensionEdit
singular | |
---|---|
nominative | брат |
genitive | брата |
dative | брату |
accusative | брата |
vocative | брате |
locative | брату |
instrumental | братом |
Derived termsEdit
UkrainianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
брат • (brat) m pers (genitive брата́, nominative plural брати́, genitive plural браті́в, related adjective бра́тній or бра́тський or брате́рський, diminutive бра́тик or бра́тець or брату́нь)
- brother (biological sibling)
- brother (member of the Christian brotherhood)
- pal, mate
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | брат brat |
брати́ bratý |
genitive | брата́ bratá |
браті́в bratív |
dative | брато́ві, брату́ bratóvi, bratú |
брата́м bratám |
accusative | брата́ bratá |
браті́в bratív |
instrumental | брато́м bratóm |
брата́ми bratámy |
locative | брато́ві, браті́ bratóvi, bratí |
брата́х bratáx |
vocative | бра́те bráte |
брати́ bratý |
Related termsEdit
- бра́ття (bráttja)
Further readingEdit
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “брат”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2022), “брат”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 1–13 (а – покі́рно), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “брат”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “брат”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)