kind
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English kynde, kunde, cunde, icunde, from Old English cynd, ġecynd (“inherent nature, disposition, kind, gender, generation, race”), from Proto-West Germanic *kundi, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, related to Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, kin”) and Old English cennan (“to bear, give birth”). Cognate with Old High German gikunt (“nature, kind”), Icelandic kind (“race, species, kind”). Doublet of gens, genesis, and jati. See also kin.
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
kind (plural kinds)
- A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.
- What kind of a person are you?
- This is a strange kind of tobacco.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 1:
- How diversely Love doth his pageants play, / And shews his powre in variable kinds !
- 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest[1]:
- “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […]”
- 2022, James Dominic Rooney, Material Objects in Confucian and Aristotelian Metaphysics, page 166:
- That in virtue of which all of his material parts are of the same kind human being is what makes those parts belong to Hook, but Hook is neither identical with his kind (the essence of human being), nor is Hook merely that which makes him a member of the kind or all his parts human (his soul).
- A makeshift or otherwise atypical specimen.
- The opening served as a kind of window.
- 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter VIII, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC:
- I got my traps out of the canoe and made me a nice camp in the thick woods. I made a kind of a tent out of my blankets to put my things under so the rain couldn't get at them.
- (archaic) One's inherent nature; character, natural disposition.
- 1533, Thomas More, The second parte of the confutacion of Tyndals answere in whyche is also confuted the chyrche that Tyndale deuyseth:
- Must yt nedes folowe that theyr fayth was chaunged in kynde, bycause yt was augmented in degrees.
- 1551, Thomas Wilson, The rule of reason, conteinyng the arte of logique:
- The generall woorde, is spoken of many, that differ either in kynd, or els in nombre.
- 1665, Robert Boyle, Occasional Reflections upon Several Subjects. Whereto is premis'd a Discourse about such kind of thoughts:
- 'Tis all one..whether our Afflictions be the same with those of others, in Kind, or not Superiour to them in Degree.
- 2002, D. DeGrazia, Animal Rights:
- He also argued powerfully, if less influentially, that animals' and humans' capacities differ largely in degree and not in kind.
- (archaic) Family, lineage.
- "She Moved through the Fair" (traditional Irish folk song)
- My young love said to me, My mother won’t mind
And my father won’t slight you for your lack of kind.
- My young love said to me, My mother won’t mind
- "She Moved through the Fair" (traditional Irish folk song)
- (archaic) Manner.
- Goods or services used as payment, as e.g. in barter.
- 1691, John Dryden, Prologue to King Arthur
- Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, / Are led by kind t'admire your fellow-creature.
- 1691, John Dryden, Prologue to King Arthur
- Equivalent means used as response to an action.
- I'll pay in kind for his insult.
- (Christianity) Each of the two elements of the communion service, bread and wine.
Usage notesEdit
In sense “goods or services” or “equivalent means”, used almost exclusively with “in” in expression in kind.
SynonymsEdit
(1) and/or (2)
- generation
- offspring
- child
- See also Thesaurus:class
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
|
|
|
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English kinde, kunde, kende, from Old English cynde, ġecynde (“innate, natural, native”), from Old English cynd, ġecynd (“nature, kind”).
Alternative formsEdit
- kinde (obsolete)
AdjectiveEdit
kind (comparative kinder, superlative kindest)
- Having a benevolent, courteous, friendly, generous, gentle, liberal, sympathetic, or warm-hearted nature or disposition, marked by consideration for – and service to – others.
- c. 1588–1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus: […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Edward White & Thomas Millington, […], published 1594, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:
- Some ſay that Rauens foſter forlorne children, / The whilſt their owne birds famiſh in their neſts: / Oh be to me though thy hard hart ſay no, / Nothing ſo kinde but ſomething pittiful.
- Affectionate.
- a kind man; a kind heart
- 1770, [Oliver] Goldsmith, The Deserted Village, a Poem, London: […] W. Griffin, […], →OCLC:
- Yet was he kind, or if severe in aught, / The love he bore to learning was in fault.
- Favorable.
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:
- Thy words aſſure me of kind ſucceſſe:
Go valiant Souldier, go before and charge
The fainting army of that foolish King.
- Mild, gentle, forgiving
- The years have been kind to Richard Gere; he ages well.
- Gentle; tractable; easily governed.
- a horse kind in harness
- (obsolete) Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native.
- 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the VVorld. Commonly Called, The Natvrall Historie of C. Plinivs Secvndus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, published 1635, →OCLC:
- it becommeth sweeter than it should be, and loseth the kind tast.
SynonymsEdit
- See also Thesaurus:affectionate
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
|
|
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Further readingEdit
AnagramsEdit
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch kind, from Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-Germanic *kindą (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁tóm.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kind (plural kinders)
AnagramsEdit
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Swedish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, Low German and German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kind c (singular definite kinden, plural indefinite kinder)
InflectionEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-West Germanic *kind (“offspring”), from Proto-Germanic *kindą (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁tóm (“that which is produced, that which is given birth to”), related to *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to give birth”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kind n (plural kinderen or kinders, diminutive kindje n or kindertje n or kindeken n or kindelijn n)
- child, kid, non-adult human
- Lieve kinderen, wij missen jullie. (typical paedagogical window message during COVID-19 measures)
- Dear children, we miss you.
- first-degree descendant, still a minor or irrespective of age
- In sommige patriarchale tradities blijven kinderen levenslang onvoorwaardelijk onderworpen aan het vaderlijk gezag, zoals aanvankelijk in het Oude Rome, in andere houdt een zoon op kind te zijn door zijn eigen gezin te stichten
- In certain patriarchal traditions, children remain subject to unconditional paternal authority for life, as originally in Ancient Rome, in other ones a son ceases to be a child by founding his own family
- Synonyms: afstammeling, nakomeling, telg
- In sommige patriarchale tradities blijven kinderen levenslang onvoorwaardelijk onderworpen aan het vaderlijk gezag, zoals aanvankelijk in het Oude Rome, in andere houdt een zoon op kind te zijn door zijn eigen gezin te stichten
- (figuratively) product of influence, breeding etc.
Usage notesEdit
- The normal plural is kinderen (a double plural combining the endings -er (archaic) and -en, also found in a few other neuter nouns). The form kinders is heard colloquially, often also humorously.
- In compounds, the word can take the form kinder- or kind- as a tail. The former is used more often, however.
- The dimunitive kindelijn is now archaic, but can still be found in some fossilized songs and religious texts.
Derived termsEdit
- adoptiefkind
- bastaardkind
- bevrijdingskind
- geesteskind
- kankerkind
- kerstekind
- kerstkind
- kind aan huis
- kindbruid
- kindbruidegom
- kinderachtig
- kinderarts
- kinderbed
- kinderbedtijd
- kinderbescherming
- kinderbijbel
- kinderbijslag
- kinderboek
- kinderboerderij
- kinderdagverblijf
- kinderfeest
- kinderfiets
- kinderhandel
- kinderhoofdje
- kinderkamer
- kinderkanker
- kinderkliniek
- kinderkoor
- kinderlijk
- kinderlijk
- kinderlokker
- kinderloos
- kindermeisje
- kindermishandeling
- kindermoord
- kinderoffer
- kinderoppas
- kinderopvang
- kinderporno
- kinderpornografie
- kinderpraat
- kinderrechter
- kinderschoen
- kinderspeelplaats
- kinderspel
- kindersterfte
- kinderstoel
- kindertaal
- kindertehuis
- kindertijd
- kindertuin
- kinderverhaal
- kinderwagen
- kinderwens
- kinderwereld
- kinderziekte
- kinderzorg
- kinds
- kindskind
- kindsoldaat
- kindvriendelijk
- kleinkind
- koningskind
- kutkind
- liefdeskind
- mensenkind
- metekind
- moederskind
- oorlogskind
- petekind
- pleegkind
- pluskind
- rotkind
- schoolkind
- stadskind
- stiefkind
- straatkind
- voogdijkind
- weeskind
- wiegekind
- wolfskind
- wonderkind
- zondagskind
- zorgenkind
DescendantsEdit
- Afrikaans: kind
- Jersey Dutch: känt
- Negerhollands: kind, kint, kin, ken
- Skepi Creole Dutch: kente, kinte
See alsoEdit
IcelandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, cognate with Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”). The sense of “sheep” is derived from the compound sauðkind, literally “sheep-kind”.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kind f (genitive singular kindar, nominative plural kindur or kindir)
- (obsolete) race, kind, kin
- a sheep (especially a ewe)
- (dated) used as a term of disparagement for a girl (or woman)
DeclensionEdit
Standard declension:
Alternative declension, used primarily with "race, kind, kin":
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse kind f, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis. Akin to English kind.
NounEdit
kind m (definite singular kinden, indefinite plural kindar, definite plural kindane)
kind n (definite singular kindet, indefinite plural kind, definite plural kinda)
ReferencesEdit
- “kind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old NorseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. Compare Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”).
NounEdit
kind f (genitive kindar, plural kindir or kindr)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “kind”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old SaxonEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *kind (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *kindą, *kinþą, from Pre-Germanic *ǵénh₁tom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to bear, give birth”).
NounEdit
kind n
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kind | kind |
accusative | kind | kind |
genitive | kindes | kindō |
dative | kinde | kindun |
instrumental | — | — |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kind | kindiru |
accusative | kind | kindiru |
genitive | kindes | kindirō |
dative | kinde | kindirum |
instrumental | — | — |
DescendantsEdit
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Danish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kind c
Usage notesEdit
False friend with chin, see haka.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of kind | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | kind | kinden | kinder | kinderna |
Genitive | kinds | kindens | kinders | kindernas |
ZealandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch kint.
NounEdit
kind n (plural kinders)