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kind

See also: Kind and -kind

Contents

EnglishEdit

 
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PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English kynde, kunde, cunde, icunde, from Old English cynd (“generation, kind, nature, race”), ġecynd, from Proto-Germanic *kundiz, *gakundiz, related to *kunją. Compare Icelandic kind (“race, species, kind”). See also kin.

NounEdit

kind (plural kinds)

  1. A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.
    What kind of a person are you?
    This is a strange kind of tobacco.
    • William Shakespeare (c.1564–1616)
      How diversely Love doth his pageants play, / And shows his power in variable kinds !
    • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest[1]:
      “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
        Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […]”
  2. A makeshift or otherwise atypical specimen.
    The opening served as a kind of window.
    • 1884, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter VIII
      I got my traps out of the canoe and made me a nice camp in the thick woods. I made a kind of a tent out of my blankets to put my things under so the rain couldn't get at them.
  3. (archaic) One's inherent nature; character, natural disposition.
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter vij, in Le Morte Darthur, book III:
      And whan he cam ageyne he sayd / O my whyte herte / me repenteth that thow art dede / […] / and thy deth shalle be dere bought and I lyue / and anone he wente in to his chamber and armed hym / and came oute fyersly / & there mette he with syr gauayne / why haue ye slayne my houndes said syr gauayn / for they dyd but their kynde
  4. Goods or services used as payment, as e.g. in barter.
    • John Dryden (1631-1700)
      Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, / Are led by kind t'admire your fellow-creature.
  5. Equivalent means used as response to an action.
    I'll pay in kind for his insult.
  6. (Christianity) Each of the two elements of the communion service, bread and wine.
Usage notesEdit

In sense “goods or services” or “equivalent means”, used almost exclusively with “in” in expression in kind.

SynonymsEdit
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. Use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}} to add them to the appropriate sense(s).

(1) and/or (2)

Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2Edit

From Old English cynde (“innate, natural, native”), ġecynde, from cynd.

AdjectiveEdit

kind (comparative kinder, superlative kindest)

  1. Having a benevolent, courteous, friendly, generous, gentle, liberal, sympathetic, or warm-hearted nature or disposition, marked by consideration for – and service to – others.
  2. Affectionate.
    a kind man; a kind heart
    • Goldsmith
      Yet was he kind, or if severe in aught, / The love he bore to learning was his fault.
    • Waller
      O cruel Death, to those you take more kind / Than to the wretched mortals left behind.
  3. Favorable.
  4. Mild, gentle, forgiving
    The years have been kind to Richard Gere; he ages well.
  5. Gentle; tractable; easily governed.
    a horse kind in harness
  6. (obsolete) Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native.
    • c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, I:
      Ȝet haue I no kynde knowing quod I · ȝet mote ȝe kenne me better.
    • Holland
      It becometh sweeter than it should be, and loseth the kind taste.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
terms derived from kind (adjective)
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked

Further readingEdit

StatisticsEdit

Most common English words before 1923 in Project Gutenberg: money · door · round · #277: kind · form · hundred · believe

AnagramsEdit

AfrikaansEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch kind.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

kind (plural kinders)

  1. child

AnagramsEdit

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Swedish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, Low German and German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

kind c (singular definite kinden, plural indefinite kinder)

  1. cheek

InflectionEdit

Declension of kind
common
gender		 Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kinden kinder kinderne
genitive kinds kindens kinders kindernes

DutchEdit

 
Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

PronunciationEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-Germanic *kindą (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁tóm (“that which is produced, that which is given birth to”), related to *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to give birth”).

NounEdit

kind n (plural kinderen or kinders, diminutive kindje n or kindertje n or kindeken n or kindelijn n)

  1. child, kid, non-adult human
  2. descendant, still a minor or irrespective of age
    In sommige patriarchale tradities blijven kinderen levenslang onvoorwaardelijk onderworpen aan het vaderlijk gezag, zoals aanvankelijk in het Oude Rome, in andere houdt een zoon op kind te zijn door zijn eigen gezin te stichten
    In certain patriarchal traditions, children remain subject to unconditional paternal authority for life, as originally in Ancient Rome, in other ones a son ceases to be a child by founding his own family
  3. (figuratively) product of influence, breeding etc.

Usage notesEdit

  • The normal plural is kinderen. The form kinders is heard colloquially.
  • In compounds, the word can take the form kinder- or kind-. The former is used more often, however.
  • The dimunitive kindelijn is now archaic, but can still be found in some fossilized songs and religious texts.

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from kind

See alsoEdit

DescendantsEdit

IcelandicEdit

 
Icelandic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia is

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, cognate with Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”). The sense of “sheep” is derived from the compound sauðkind, literally “sheep-kind”.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

kind f

  1. (obsolete) race, kind, kin
  2. a sheep (especially a ewe)
  3. (dated) used as a term of disparagement for a girl (or woman)

DeclensionEdit

declension of kind
f-s3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kindin kindur kindurnar
accusative kind kindina kindur kindurnar
dative kind kindinni kindum kindunum
genitive kindar kindarinnar kinda kindanna

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Old NorseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. Compare Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”).

NounEdit

kind f (genitive kindar, plural kindir or kindr)

  1. race, kind, kin
  2. creature, being

DeclensionEdit

  Declension of kind (strong i-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kindin kindir, kindr kindirnar, kindrnar
accusative kind kindina kindir, kindr kindirnar, kindrnar
dative kind kindinni kindum kindunum
genitive kindar kindarinnar kinda kindanna

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • kind in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old SaxonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *kindą (“child”).

NounEdit

kind n

  1. child

DeclensionEdit

Declension of kind (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative kind kind
accusative kind kind
genitive kindes kindō
dative kinde kindum
instrumental — —


Declension of kind (z-stem)
singular plural
nominative kind kindiru
accusative kind kindiru
genitive kindes kindirō
dative kinde kindirum
instrumental — —


SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Danish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

kind c

  1. (anatomy) cheek; a part of the face.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of kind 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative kind kinden kinder kinderna
Genitive kinds kindens kinders kindernas
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