Wiktionary

дух

See also: доухъ

Belarusian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *duxъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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дух • (dux) m pers (genitive ду́ха, nominative plural ду́хі, genitive plural ду́хаў)

  1. ghost

Declension

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Declension of дух (pr velar masc-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative дух
dux 		ду́хі
dúxi
genitive ду́ха
dúxa 		ду́хаў
dúxaŭ
dative ду́ху
dúxu 		ду́хам
dúxam
accusative ду́ха
dúxa 		ду́хаў
dúxaŭ
instrumental ду́хам
dúxam 		ду́хамі
dúxami
locative ду́ху
dúxu 		ду́хах
dúxax
count form — ду́хі1
dúxi1

1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Noun

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дух • (dux) m inan (genitive ду́ху, uncountable)

  1. spirit
    Баявы́ дух. ― Bajavý dux. ― Fighting spirit.

Declension

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Declension of дух (inan sg-only velar masc-form accent-a)
singular
nominative дух
dux
genitive ду́ху
dúxu
dative ду́ху
dúxu
accusative дух
dux
instrumental ду́хам
dúxam
locative ду́ху
dúxu

References

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  • “дух” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [dux]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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дух • (duh) m

  1. ghost
  2. spirit

Declension

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Declension of дух
singular plural
indefinite дух
duh 		ду́хове, духове́
dúhove, duhové
definite
(subject form) 		духъ́т
duhǎ́t 		ду́ховете, духове́те
dúhovete, duhovéte
definite
(object form) 		духа́
duhá
count form — ду́ха
dúha
vocative form ду́хо
dúho 		ду́хове, духове́
dúhove, duhové

Derived terms

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nouns

References

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  • “дух”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • “дух”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Macedonian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [dux]
  • Hyphenation: дух

Noun

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дух • (duh) m (plural ду́хови, relational adjective ду́ховен)

  1. ghost
  2. spirit
  3. (figurative) essence
  4. soul
    Synonym: ду́ша (dúša)

Declension

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Declension of дух
singular plural
indefinite дух (duh) духови (duhovi)
definite unspecified духот (duhot) духовите (duhovite)
definite proximal духов (duhov) духовиве (duhovive)
definite distal духон (duhon) духовине (duhovine)
vocative духу (duhu) духови (duhovi)
count form — духа (duha)

References

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  • “дух” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Russian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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дух • (dux) m anim or m inan (genitive ду́ха, nominative plural ду́хи, genitive plural ду́хов, relational adjective духово́й)

  1. spirit
    боево́й дух ― bojevój dux ― morale (literally, “fighting spirit”)
    не в ду́хе ― ne v dúxe ― in a bad mood
  2. mind
  3. courage
  4. ghost
  5. breath
  6. scent
  7. rebel (especially in Afghanistan; from душма́н (dušmán))
  8. (military, slang) new recruit, rookie who is sometimes abused by the longer serving soldiers

Declension

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Declension of дух (bian masc-form velar-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative ду́х
dúx 		ду́хи
dúxi
genitive ду́ха
dúxa 		ду́хов
dúxov
dative ду́ху
dúxu 		ду́хам
dúxam
accusative animate ду́ха
dúxa 		ду́хов
dúxov
inanimate ду́х
dúx 		ду́хи
dúxi
instrumental ду́хом
dúxom 		ду́хами
dúxami
prepositional ду́хе
dúxe 		ду́хах
dúxax
partitive ду́ху
dúxu
locative духу́
duxú
vocative ду́ше
dúše
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Descendants

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  • → Armenian: դուխ (dux)
  • → Azerbaijani: dux
  • → Gagauz: duh

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ду̏х m (Latin spelling dȕh)

  1. ghost
  2. spirit
    Исус, пак пун Духа Светог, врати се од Јордана, и одведе Га Дух у пустињу, […]
    Isus, pak pun Duha Svetog, vrati se od Jordana, i odvede Ga Duh u pustinju, […]
    Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, left the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness, […]

Declension

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Declension of дух
singular plural
nominative ду̏х ду̀хови / ду̏си
genitive духа ду̀хо̄ва̄ / ду̑ха̄
dative духу ду̀ховима / ду̏сима
accusative духа ду̀хове / ду̏хе
vocative ду̏ше ду̀хови / ду̏си
locative духу ду̀ховима / ду̏сима
instrumental духом ду̀ховима / ду̏сима
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Further reading

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  • “дух”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Ukrainian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *duxъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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дух • (dux) m inan (genitive ду́ху, uncountable)

  1. spirit

Declension

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Declension of дух
(inan sg-only velar masc-form accent-a)
singular
nominative дух
dux
genitive ду́ху
dúxu
dative ду́хові, ду́ху
dúxovi, dúxu
accusative дух
dux
instrumental ду́хом
dúxom
locative ду́сі, ду́хові
dúsi, dúxovi
vocative ду́ху
dúxu

Noun

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дух • (dux) m pers (genitive ду́ха, nominative plural ду́хи, genitive plural ду́хів)

  1. ghost
    Synonym: при́вид m (prývyd)

Declension

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Declension of дух
(pers velar masc-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative дух
dux 		ду́хи
dúxy
genitive ду́ха
dúxa 		ду́хів
dúxiv
dative ду́хові, ду́ху
dúxovi, dúxu 		ду́хам
dúxam
accusative ду́ха
dúxa 		ду́хів
dúxiv
instrumental ду́хом
dúxom 		ду́хами
dúxamy
locative ду́хові, ду́ху
dúxovi, dúxu 		ду́хах
dúxax
vocative ду́ху
dúxu 		ду́хи
dúxy

Further reading

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