Wiktionary

сом

See also: Appendix:Variations of "som"

Bulgarian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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сом • (som) m

  1. sheatfish (Silurus glanis)

Declension

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Declension of сом
singular plural
indefinite сом
som 		со́мове
sómove
definite
(subject form) 		со́мът
sómǎt 		со́мовете
sómovete
definite
(object form) 		со́ма
sóma
count form — со́ма
sóma
vocative form со́ме
sóme 		со́мове
sómove

Eastern Khanty

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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сом (som) (Surgut)

  1. fish scale

References

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  • Elena Skribnik, editor (2016), Ob-Ugric Database: analysed text corpora and dictionaries for less described Ob-Ugric dialects‎[1], University of Munich
  • Volkova, A. N., Solovar, V. N. (2018) “сом”, in Хантыйско-русский тематический словарь (сургутский диалект) [Khanty-Russian Thematic Dictionary (Surgut dialect)]‎[2] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: РГПУ имени А.И. Герцена, →ISBN, page 200

Ingush

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Etymology

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Akin to Chechen стом (stom).

Noun

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сом • (som)

  1. fruit

Kazakh

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Alternative scripts
Arabic سوم
Cyrillic сом
Latin som

Etymology

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As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.

Adjective

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сом • (som)

  1. solid, dense
  2. pure

Noun

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сом • (som)

  1. som (national unit of currency in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan)
  2. (historical) ruble (under the USSR)

Kyrgyz

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Etymology

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As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.

Noun

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сом • (som) (Arabic spelling سوم)

  1. som (national unit of currency in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan)
  2. (historical) ruble (under the USSR)

Declension

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Declension of сом
singular
(жекелик) 		plural
(көптөгөн)
nominative (атооч) сом
som 		сомдор
somdor
genitive (илик) сомдун
somdun 		сомдордун
somdordun
dative (барыш) сомго
somgo 		сомдорго
somdorgo
accusative (табыш) сомду
somdu 		сомдорду
somdordu
locative (жатыш) сомдо
somdo 		сомдордо
somdordo
ablative (чыгыш) сомдон
somdon 		сомдордон
somdordon
possessive forms
first-person singular
(менин)
nominative сомум
somum 		сомдорум
somdorum
genitive сомумдун
somumdun 		сомдорумдун
somdorumdun
dative сомума
somuma 		сомдорума
somdoruma
accusative сомумду
somumdu 		сомдорумду
somdorumdu
locative сомумда
somumda 		сомдорумда
somdorumda
ablative сомумдан
somumdan 		сомдорумдан
somdorumdan
second-person singular informal
(сенин)
nominative сомуң
somuŋ 		сомдоруң
somdoruŋ
genitive сомуңдун
somuŋdun 		сомдоруңдун
somdoruŋdun
dative сомуңа
somuŋa 		сомдоруңа
somdoruŋa
accusative сомуңду
somuŋdu 		сомдоруңду
somdoruŋdu
locative сомуңда
somuŋda 		сомдоруңда
somdoruŋda
ablative сомуңдан
somuŋdan 		сомдоруңдан
somdoruŋdan
second-person singular formal
(сиздин)
nominative сомуңуз
somuŋuz 		сомдоруңуз
somdoruŋuz
genitive сомуңуздун
somuŋuzdun 		сомдоруңуздун
somdoruŋuzdun
dative сомуңузга
somuŋuzga 		сомдоруңузга
somdoruŋuzga
accusative сомуңузду
somuŋuzdu 		сомдоруңузду
somdoruŋuzdu
locative сомуңузда
somuŋuzda 		сомдоруңузда
somdoruŋuzda
ablative сомуңуздан
somuŋuzdan 		сомдоруңуздан
somdoruŋuzdan

Adjective

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сом • (som) (comparative [please provide], superlative [please provide], Arabic spelling سوم)

  1. pure

Macedonian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [sɔm]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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сом • (som) m (diminutive сомче)

  1. catfish

Declension

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Declension of сом
singular plural
indefinite сом сомови
definite unspecified сомот сомовите
definite proximal сомов сомовиве
definite distal сомон сомовине
vocative сому сомови
count form — сома

Derived terms

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Mongolian

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MongolianCyrillic
ᠰᠣᠮ
(som)		сом
(som)

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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сом • (som)

  1. (dialectal) wooden fermentation bucket

Declension

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Declension of сом (о-harmonic regular ууд-pl) 
attributive сом
som
singular / indefinite definite plural
nominative сом
som 		сомууд
somuud
genitive сомын
somyn 		сомуудын
somuudyn
accusative сомыг
somyg 		сомуудыг
somuudyg
dative-locative сомд
somd 		сомуудад
somuudad
ablative сомоос
somoos 		сомуудаас
somuudaas
instrumental сомоор
somoor 		сомуудаар
somuudaar
comitative сомтой
somtoj 		сомуудтай
somuudtaj
privative сомгүй
somgüj 		сомуудгүй
somuudgüj
directive сом руу
som ruu 		сомууд руу
somuud ruu
Reflexive possessive forms 
singular / indefinite definite plural
nominative сомоо
somoo 		сомуудаа
somuudaa
genitive сомынхоо
somynxoo 		сомуудынхаа
somuudynxaa
accusative сомыгоо
somygoo 		сомуудыгаа
somuudygaa
dative-locative сомдоо
somdoo 		сомууддаа
somuuddaa
ablative сомоосоо
somoosoo 		сомуудаасаа
somuudaasaa
instrumental сомоороо
somooroo 		сомуудаараа
somuudaaraa
comitative сомтойгоо
somtojgoo 		сомуудтайгаа
somuudtajgaa
privative сомгүйгээ
somgüjgee 		сомуудгүйгээ
somuudgüjgee
directive сом руугаа
som ruugaa 		сомууд руугаа
somuud ruugaa
independent
genitive 		singular / indefinite definite plural
singular
possession 		сомынх
somynx 		сомуудынх
somuudynx
collective
possession 		сомынхон
somynxon 		сомуудынхан
somuudynxan

Northern Khanty

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

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сом (som) (Kazym)

  1. fish scale

References

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  • Solovar, V. N. (2014) “сом”, in Хантыйско-русский Словарь (казымский диалект) [Khanty-Russian Dictionary (Kazym Dialect)]‎[3], Khanty-Mansiysk: ООО «ФОРМАТ», →ISBN, page 283

Russian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Noun

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сом • (som) m anim (genitive сома́, nominative plural сомы́, genitive plural сомо́в)

  1. catfish, sheatfish
    • 1939, “Рыба. Отварная рыба. Белуга отварная”, in Книга о вкусной и здоровой пище, Москва, Ленинград: Пищепромиздат; English translation from The Book of Tasty and Healthy Food, (Please provide a date or year):
      Белу́гу и другу́ю кра́сную ры́бу, а та́кже сома́ лу́чше вари́ть це́лым куско́м и ре́зать на по́рции пе́ред пода́чей на стол.
      Belúgu i drugúju krásnuju rýbu, a tákže somá lúčše varítʹ célym kuskóm i rézatʹ na pórcii péred podáčej na stol.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
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Declension of сом (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-b) 
singular plural
nominative со́м
sóm 		сомы́
somý
genitive сома́
somá 		сомо́в
somóv
dative сому́
somú 		сома́м
somám
accusative сома́
somá 		сомо́в
somóv
instrumental сомо́м
somóm 		сома́ми
somámi
prepositional соме́
somé 		сома́х
somáx
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Kyrgyz сом (som), Uzbek сўм (soʻm)/soʻm.

Noun

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сом • (som) m inan (genitive со́ма, nominative plural со́мы, genitive plural со́мов)

  1. (numismatics) som, so'm
Declension
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Declension of сом (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative со́м
sóm 		со́мы
sómy
genitive со́ма
sóma 		со́мов
sómov
dative со́му
sómu 		со́мам
sómam
accusative со́м
sóm 		со́мы
sómy
instrumental со́мом
sómom 		со́мами
sómami
prepositional со́ме
sóme 		со́мах
sómax

Serbo-Croatian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Noun

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со̏м m (Latin spelling sȍm)

  1. catfish
Declension
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Declension of сом
singular plural
nominative со̏м со̀мови
genitive сома сомова
dative сому сомовима
accusative сома сомове
vocative соме сомови
locative сому сомовима
instrumental сомом сомовима

Etymology 2

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The origins of this term are unclear. Possibly because som (catfish) is a big fish. Others believe it is due to the 1000 dinar banknotes of 1955, on which the person depicted appears to have two fish eyes (instead of welding goggles) on his head.

Noun

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со̏м m (Latin spelling sȍm)

  1. (colloquial) grand (a thousand of something, especially but not only money)

Southern Altai

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Etymology

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As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.

Noun

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сом • (som)

  1. statue, contour, form

Adjective

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сом • (som)

  1. unbroken, hard

References

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  • V. verbickij, editor (1884), “сом”, in Slovarʹ Altajskago i Aladagskago narečij tjurkskago jazyka [Altaian and Aladagian language Dictionary], Kazan', →ISBN, page 305
  • N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “сом”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN
  • Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1893–1911) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects] (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, columns 562, 563

Ukrainian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Slavic *somъ.

Noun

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сом • (som) m animal (genitive со́ма, nominative plural со́ми, genitive plural со́мів)

  1. catfish
Declension
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Declension of сом (animal hard masc-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative сом
som 		со́ми
sómy
genitive со́ма
sóma 		со́мів
sómiv
dative со́мові, со́му
sómovi, sómu 		со́мам
sómam
accusative со́ма
sóma 		со́ми, со́мів
sómy, sómiv
instrumental со́мом
sómom 		со́мами
sómamy
locative со́мові, со́мі
sómovi, sómi 		со́мах
sómax
vocative со́ме
sóme 		со́ми
sómy

Etymology 2

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Noun

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сом • (som) m inan (genitive со́ма, nominative plural со́ми, genitive plural со́мів)

  1. som (currency)
Declension
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Declension of сом (inan hard masc-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative сом
som 		со́ми
sómy
genitive со́ма
sóma 		со́мів
sómiv
dative со́мові, со́му
sómovi, sómu 		со́мам
sómam
accusative сом
som 		со́ми
sómy
instrumental со́мом
sómom 		со́мами
sómamy
locative со́мі
sómi 		со́мах
sómax
vocative со́ме
sóme 		со́ми
sómy

References

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