ո

See also: ռ, Ռ, Ո, and n

ո U+0578, ո ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO ← շ [U+0577] Armenian չ → [U+0579]

Armenian

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ɔ], (word-initially) IPA^(key): [vɔ]
• (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ɔ], (word-initially) IPA^(key): [vɔ]

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Letter

ո

ո lowercase (uppercase Ո)

1. The 24th letter of Armenian alphabet, called ո (o). Transliterated as o. Represents а open-mid back rounded vowel: [ɔ] (but [vɔ] word-initially).
2. A letter used in Armenian dialectology. Represents the diphthong [u͡o]. Transliterated as uo.

See also

• (The Armenian script): Աա   Բբ   Գգ   Դդ   Եե   Զզ   Էէ   Ըը   Թթ   Ժժ   Իի   Լլ   Խխ   Ծծ   Կկ   Հհ   Ձձ   Ղղ   Ճճ   Մմ   Յյ   Նն   Շշ   Ոո   Չչ   Պպ   Ջջ   Ռռ   Սս   Վվ   Տտ   Րր   Ցց   Ււ   Փփ   Քք   Օօ   Ֆֆ
• (Letter combinations): ու   և   ﬔ   ﬕ   ﬓ   ﬗ   ﬖ
• (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈   ա̊   ա̄   ը̂   է̀   էօ / օ̈   էօ̀ / օ̈̀   իւ / ո̈ւ   գ^յ   կ^յ   ք^յ   հ^յ   բՙ   դՙ   գՙ   ձՙ   ջՙ   ղՙ   ֈ / յ̵   ʔ  
• (Punctuation):  ՙ    ՚   ՛   ՜   ՝   ՞   ՟   ․   ։   ֊
• (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍

References

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, § 1.1.2
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1911) Hay barbaṙagitutʿiwn. Uruagic ew dasaworutʿiwn hay barbaṙneri (barbaṙagitakan kʿartēsov) [Armenian dialectology: A sketch and classification of Armenian dialects (with a dialect map)] (Ēminean azgagrakan žołovacu; 8) (in Armenian), Moscow and Nor Nakhichevan: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 10
• Ovsepjan, L. S.; Gevorkjan, G. G. (2013), “Армянские диалекты (общий обзор) [Armenian dialects (general overview)]”, in Yuri B.Koryakov and Andrej A. Kibrik, editors, Языки мира: Реликтовые индоевропейские языки Передней и Центральной Азии [Languages of the World: Relict Indo-European languages of Western and Central Asia]‎^[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Academia, page 324

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

• ով (ov) – before vowels

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, but Martirosyan prefers derivation from *yós.

Pronoun

ո՞ • (o^?)

1. (interrogative) who?

   ո՞, ո՞ ոք ― o^?, o^? okʿ ― who?

   ո՞ ի ձէնջ իշխեսցէ առնել զայդ ― o^? i jēnǰ išxescʿē aṙnel zayd ― who among you dare do that?

   ո՞ ոք ի մարդկանէ ― o^? okʿ i mardkanē ― who is he that ...?

   գիտեմ ո՛ է դա ― gitem ó ē da ― I know who he is

   ո՛ ոք եւ իցէ ― ó okʿ ew icʿē ― whoever he may be

   ո՞յր է մատեանս ― o^?yr ē mateans ― whose book is this?

   զո՞ խնդրէք ― zo^? xndrēkʿ ― whom do you seek?

   ո՞յր ես ― o^?yr es ― who are you for?

   ո՞ւմ ասացեր ― u^?m asacʿer ― to whom have you spoken?

   ո՞ գիտէ ― o^? gitē ― who knows?

   ո՞յք ոմանք իցեն ― o^?ykʿ omankʿ icʿen ― who are they who ...?

   ո՞ւմ ի կապելոց ― u^?m i kapelocʿ ― to which of the prisoners?

   յո՞ւմ անձին ― yu^?m anjin ― on which person?

   ո՞յք եմք ― o^?ykʿ emkʿ ― who are we?

   ո եւ պէտ ― o ew pēt ― whoever it may be

   յոյր սակս/սակի ― yoyr saks/saki ― why? on what account? for what reason?

   ում եւ պետ ― um ew pet ― whatever, whatsoever

Declension

pronominal

	singular		plural
nominative	ո (o)		ոյք (oykʿ)
genitive	ոյր (oyr)		ո (o)
dative	ում (um)		ոյց (oycʿ)
accusative	ո (o)		ոյս (oys)
ablative	ումէ, ումմէ (umē, ummē)		ոյց (oycʿ)
instrumental	որով* (orov*)		որովք* (orovkʿ*)
locative	ում (um)		ոյս (oys)
*this pronoun has no instrumental forms; they are filled by instrumentals of որ (or)

Derived terms

• յո (yo)
• ումպետ (umpet)

 

Related terms

• ոմն (omn)
• որ (or)
• ոք (okʿ)

 

Descendants

• Armenian: ով (ov)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “ո”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “ո”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 523
• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “ո”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy