ու
Armenian edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [u]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [u]
Audio (file)
Etymology 1 edit
From the Old Armenian digraph ու (u) representing [u], composed of ո (o) + ւ (w). Some have contended that Old Armenian ու (u) was a diphthong, but this is incorrect: representing the monophthong [u] with a digraph is modelled on Ancient Greek ου (ou) pronounced as [u].[1] Compare likewise the digraphs Aghwan 𐕒𐕡 (u), Old Georgian ႭჃ (u), Old Church Slavonic оу (u).
Letter edit
ու lowercase (uppercase ՈՒ, title-case Ու)
- The 34th letter of Armenian alphabet according to Reformed Orthography. Represents close back rounded vowel: [u]. Transliterated as u (sometimes as ow).
Usage notes edit
- Considered a separate letter after the spelling reform of the Armenian language of 1922–1924. The Traditional Armenian orthography treats ու as a simple digraph of ո (o) + ւ (w) and not as a separate letter.
- When used in sentence case, such as Ուրարտու (Urartu), the capital form of the letter is Ու. However, in all caps text it is ՈՒ, e.g. ՈՒՇԱԴՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ (UŠADRUTʿYUN).
See also edit
- (The Armenian script): Աա Բբ Գգ Դդ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Ծծ Կկ Հհ Ձձ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Ոո Չչ Պպ Ջջ Ռռ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Ցց Ււ Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ
- (Letter combinations): ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ
- (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ
- (Punctuation): ՙ ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊
- (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍
References edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Old Armenian ու (u).
Conjunction edit
ու • (u)
- and
- ես ու դու ― es u du ― me and you
Usage notes edit
Generally used to link two things in close relation, such as in English you and I or in the sense of combining two clauses of close relation while deemphasizing their relationship. In English, this would generally be done by combining predicates, as in I went to the store and bought ice cream. It is never used as a conjunction in the fashion of և (ew), which is used as a coordinating conjunction between two independent clauses, as in I went to the store, and I bought ice cream.
Synonyms edit
- եւ (ew)
References edit
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, § 1.1.1, page 13
- Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 385
Old Armenian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁opi, a variant of *h₁epi, whence came եւ (ew).[1]
Conjunction edit
ու • (u)
Usage notes edit
Uncommon in Old Armenian outside compounds.
Derived terms edit
- այրուձի (ayruji)
- եօթնուտասն (eōtʿnutasn)
- եօթնուտասներորդ (eōtʿnutasnerord)
- զինչուզինչ (zinčʿuzinčʿ)
- իբրու (ibru)
- իննուտասն (innutasn)
- հարցուփորձ (harcʿupʿorj)
- մարթուպատշաճ (martʿupatšač)
- ութուտասաներորդ (utʿutasanerord)
- ութուտասն (utʿutasn)
- պարտուպատշաճ (partupatšač)
- քարուկիր (kʿarukir)
Descendants edit
- Armenian: ու (u)
References edit
- ^ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1901), “Karst, J.: Historische Grammatik des Kilikisch-Armenischen”, in Indogermanische Forschungen. Anzeiger für indogermanische Sprach- und Altertumskunde. Beiblatt zu den Indogermanischen Forschungen (in German), volume 12, page 51, footnote 1
Further reading edit
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “ու”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 589–590