է

See also: Է, -է, and է-

է U+0567, է ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER EH ← զ [U+0566] Armenian ը → [U+0568]

Armenian

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /e/, [e]
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /e/, [e]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Letter

է

է lowercase (uppercase Է)

1. The 7th letter of Armenian alphabet, called է (ē). Transliterated as ē. Represents an open-mid front unrounded vowel: [ɛ]. In Old Armenian it must have been a diphthong-like vowel [e(j)]

See also

• (The Armenian script): Աա   Բբ   Գգ   Դդ   Եե   Զզ   Էէ   Ըը   Թթ   Ժժ   Իի   Լլ   Խխ   Ծծ   Կկ   Հհ   Ձձ   Ղղ   Ճճ   Մմ   Յյ   Նն   Շշ   Ոո   Չչ   Պպ   Ջջ   Ռռ   Սս   Վվ   Տտ   Րր   Ցց   Ււ   Փփ   Քք   Օօ   Ֆֆ
• (Letter combinations): ու   և   ﬔ   ﬕ   ﬓ   ﬗ   ﬖ
• (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈   ա̊   ա̄   ը̂   է̀   էօ / օ̈   էօ̀ / օ̈̀   իւ / ո̈ւ   գ^յ   կ^յ   ք^յ   հ^յ   բՙ   դՙ   գՙ   ձՙ   ջՙ   ղՙ   ֈ   ʔ  
• (Punctuation):  ՙ    ՚   ՛   ՜   ՝   ՞   ՟   ․   ։   ֊
• (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍

References

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, § 1.1.1

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Armenian է (ē).

Alternative forms

• ա (a) — dialectal, colloquial
• ե (e) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography
• յե (ye) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography, following a vowel

Pronunciation

(following a vowel:)

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /je/, [je]
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /je/, [je]

(following a consonant:)

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /e/, [e]
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /e/, [e]

Verb

է • (ē)

1. third-person singular present of եմ (em)

   Նա հայ է։ ― Na hay ē. ― He is an Armenian.

   Նա հայ չէ։ ― Na hay čʻē. ― He is not an Armenian.

   Նա գիրքը կարդալու է։ ― Na girkʻə kardalu ē. ― He will read the book.

Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian է (ē).

Noun

է • (ē) (dated)

1. being, existence, something or someone that exists, onto-
2. God

Declension

i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)

	singular	plural
nominative	է (ē)	էեր (ēer)
dative	էի (ēi)	էերի (ēeri)
ablative	էից (ēicʻ)	էերից (ēericʻ)
instrumental	էով (ēov)	էերով (ēerov)
locative	—	—
	definite forms
nominative	էն (ēn)	էերը/էերն (ēerə/ēern)
dative	էին (ēin)	էերին (ēerin)
	1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative	էս (ēs)	էերս (ēers)
dative	էիս (ēis)	էերիս (ēeris)
ablative	էիցս (ēicʻs)	էերիցս (ēericʻs)
instrumental	էովս (ēovs)	էերովս (ēerovs)
locative	—	—
	2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative	էդ (ēd)	էերդ (ēerd)
dative	էիդ (ēid)	էերիդ (ēerid)
ablative	էիցդ (ēicʻd)	էերիցդ (ēericʻd)
instrumental	էովդ (ēovd)	էերովդ (ēerovd)
locative	—	—

Derived terms

• հնէաբան (hnēaban)
• մանրէ (manrē)

Old Armenian

Etymology

From Proto-Armenian *ei, from *eti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, the regular reflex of which would have been *եստ (*est). We are dealing here with the analogical influence of the corresponding ending of thematic verbs (compare բերէ (berē)) and the analogical extension of the secondary stem *e(h)- deriving from *h₁ésmi.

Verb

է • (ē)

1. third-person singular present active indicative of եմ (em)

Noun

է • (ē)

1. being, existence, something or someone that exists
2. God

Declension

i-type

	singular	plural
nominative	է (ē)	էք (ēkʻ)
genitive	էի (ēi)	էից (ēicʻ)
dative	էի (ēi)	էից (ēicʻ)
accusative	է (ē)	էս (ēs)
ablative	էէ (ēē)	էից (ēicʻ)
instrumental	էիւ (ēiw)	էիւք (ēiwkʻ)
locative	էի (ēi)	էս (ēs)

Descendants

• Armenian: է (ē)

Further reading

• Hrach Martirosyan (2013), Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyan himnaharcʻer (kiraknōrya dasəntʻacʻ), Neracutʻyun
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “է”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “է”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

Ottoman Turkish

Letter

է • (e)

1. A letter of the Armeno-Turkish script, named է (e). Represents mid front unrounded vowel: [e]. Transliterated as e.

See also

• (The Armeno-Turkish script): Աա   Գգ   Եե   Զզ   Էէ   Ըը   Թթ   Ժժ   Իի   Լլ   Խխ   Կկ   Հհ   Ղղ   Ճճ   Մմ   Յյ   Նն   Շշ   Չչ   Պպ   Սս   Վվ   Տտ   Րր   Փփ   Քք   Օօ   Ֆֆ   ’
• (Primarily in Armenian words): Բբ   Դդ   Ծծ   Ձձ   Ջջ   Ոո   Ռռ   Ցց   Ււ
• (Letter combinations): էօ   իւ   ու   նկ   նղ  
• (Punctuation): ՛   ՜   ՝   ՞   ․   ։   ֊