Pahari-Potwari

edit

Etymology

edit

    Borrowed from Classical Persian سَفید (safēd), from سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt', from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-.

    Adjective

    edit

    سَفید (safed)

    1. white

    Persian

    edit
     
    Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia fa

    Alternative forms

    edit

    Etymology

    edit

      From earlier سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt' (spēd, white), from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós (bright; shine). Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, white), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾspʾyt), Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, white, bright).

      Pronunciation

      edit
       

      Readings
      Classical reading? safēḏ
      Dari reading? safēd
      Iranian reading? sefid
      Tajik reading? safed
      • Audio (Iran):(file)

      Adjective

      edit
      Dari سفید
      Iranian Persian
      Tajik сафед

      سفید (sefid)

      1. white
      2. fair
      3. pale
      4. clear

      Derived terms

      edit

      Descendants

      edit

      See also

      edit

      References

      edit
      • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սպիտակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 264–265
      • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 708, page 157
      • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 240
      • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “spēd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

      Urdu

      edit

      Etymology

      edit

        Borrowed from Classical Persian سَفید (safēd), from سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt', from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Adjective

        edit

        سَفید (safed) (Hindi spelling सफ़ेद)

        1. white
        2. clean
        3. blank

        Synonyms

        edit

        Derived terms

        edit

        See also

        edit
        Colors in Urdu · رنگ (raṅg) (layout · text)
             سفید (safẽd), ابیض (abyaz)      سرمئی (sarma'ī), خاکستری (xākistarī), دھوسر (dhūsar)      کالا (kālā), سیاہ (siyāh), اسود (asvad)
                     سرخ (surx), لال (lāl), قرمزی (qirmizī), احمر (ahmar)              مالٹائی (mālṭāī), نارنجی (nāranjī), نارنگی (nārangī); بھورا (bhūrā), بادامی (bādāmī), خاکی (xākī), مٹیالا (maṭiālā)              پیلا (pīlā), زرد (zard), اصفر (asfar), بسنتی (basantī)
                     پستہ (pistah), انگوری (aṅgūrī), دھانی (dhānī)              سبز (sabz), ہرا (harā)             
                     فیروزی (fērozī)              آسمانی (āsmānī), نیلگوں (nīlgū̃), لاجوردی (lājvardī), آبی (ābī), آبگوں (ābgū̃)              نیلا (nīlā), ازرق (azraq)
                     نیل (nīl), بنفشی (banafśī), بنفش (banafś)              جامنی (jāmnī), اودا (ūdā), ارغوانی (arġavānī), بیگنی (bēganī), بینگنی (bēnganī), بینجنی (bēnjanī)              گلابی (gulābī), پیازی (pīāzī)

        Further reading

        edit
        • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سفيد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 380
        • سفید”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.