pale
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: pāl, IPA(key): /peɪl/, [pʰeɪ̯ɫ], [pʰeəɫ]
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -eɪl
- Homophone: pail
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English pale, from Old French pale, from Latin pallidus (“pale, pallid”), from palleō (“I am pale; I grow pale; I fade”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelito-, from *pelH- (“gray”). Doublet of pallid. Displaced native Old English blāc.
Adjective edit
pale (comparative paler, superlative palest)
- Light in color.
- I have pale yellow wallpaper.
- She had pale skin because she didn't get much sunlight.
- 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter IX, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
- “Heavens!” exclaimed Nina, “the blue-stocking and the fogy!—and yours are pale blue, Eileen!—you’re about as self-conscious as Drina—slumping there with your hair tumbling à la Mérode! Oh, it's very picturesque, of course, but a straight spine and good grooming is better. […]”
- (of human skin) Having a pallor (a light color, especially due to sickness, shock, fright etc.).
- His face turned pale after hearing about his mother's death.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
- Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.
- Feeble, faint.
- He is but a pale shadow of his former self.
- The son's clumsy paintings are a pale imitation of his father's.
Synonyms edit
- (human skin): See also Thesaurus:pallid
Derived terms edit
- American pale ale
- deathly pale
- double India pale ale
- English pale
- English pale ale
- imperial India pale ale
- India pale ale
- pale ale
- pale as a ghost
- pale as death
- pale as milk
- pale blue dot
- pale-browed tinamou
- pale clouded yellow
- pale face
- pale-faced bare-eye
- pale-footed bush warbler
- pale fox
- pale goldfinch
- pale-headed rosella
- pale into insignificance
- pale juniper webworm
- pale male
- pale rider
- pale-spotted emperor
- pale swallowtail
- pale-throated sloth
- pale thrush
- pale touch-me-not
- pale western cutworm
- per pale
Translations edit
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Verb edit
pale (third-person singular simple present pales, present participle paling, simple past and past participle paled)
- (intransitive) To turn pale; to lose colour.
- 1856, Elizabeth Browning, Aurora Leigh, New York: C. S. Francis & Co., published 1857, page 282:
- But a man— / Note men !—they are but women after all, / As women are but Auroras !—there are men / Born tender, apt to pale at a trodden worm, / Who paint for pastime, in their favourite dream, / Spruce auto-vestments flowered with crocus-flames / There are, too, who believe in hell and lie : […]
- (intransitive) To become insignificant.
- 1959 May, “Talking of Trains: "Rail-rovers" again”, in Trains Illustrated, page 236:
- (Although the conditions are rather different, the generosity of the offer certainly pales by comparison with the "Eurailpass" now available to tourists from North and South America at $125 (£44 13s.), which allows two months' unlimited first class travel throughout the railway systems of thirteen countries—[...].)
- 2006 September 14, Katie Hafner, “Philanthropy Google’s Way: Not the Usual”, in The New York Times[2]:
- Its financing pales next to the tens of billions that the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation will have at its disposal, especially with the coming infusion of some $3 billion a year from Warren E. Buffett, the founder of Berkshire Hathaway.
- 12 July 2012, Sam Adams, AV Club Ice Age: Continental Drift
- The matter of whether the world needs a fourth Ice Age movie pales beside the question of why there were three before it, but Continental Drift feels less like an extension of a theatrical franchise than an episode of a middling TV cartoon, lolling around on territory that’s already been settled.
- (transitive) To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 258, column 1, lines 89–91:
- The Glow-worme ſhowes the Matine to be neere, / And gins to pale his vneffectuall Fire : / Adue, adue, Hamlet : remember me.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Noun edit
pale
- (obsolete) Paleness; pallor.
- 1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC; Shakespeare’s Venus & Adonis: […], 4th edition, London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent and Co. […], 1896, →OCLC, lines 589–592:
- The boare (quoth ſhe) whereat a ſuddain pale, / Like lawne being ſpred vpon the bluſhing roſe, / Vſurpes her cheeke, ſhe trembles at his tale, / And on his neck her yoaking armes ſhe throwes.
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English pale, pal, borrowed from Old French pal, from Latin pālus (“stake, prop”). English inherited the word pole (or, rather Old English pāl) from a much older Proto-Germanic borrowing of the same Latin word.
Noun edit
pale (plural pales)
- A wooden stake; a picket.
- 1707, John Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry, London: H. Mortlock & J. Robinson, 2nd edition, 1708, Chapter 1, pp. 11-12,[3]
- […] if you deſign it a Fence to keep in Deer, at every eight or ten Foot diſtance, ſet a Poſt with a Mortice in it to ſtand a little ſloping over the ſide of the Bank about two Foot high; and into the Mortices put a Rail […] and no Deer will go over it, nor can they creep through it, as they do often, when a Pale tumbles down.
- 1997, Gabrielle M. Lanier, Bernard L. Herman, Everyday Architecture of the Mid-Atlantic, page 90:
- Ceiling joists were sometimes grooved to receive riven staves or pales that secured mud-and-straw walling.
- 2015, Mark E. Reinberger, Elizabeth McLean, The Philadelphia Country House:
- Pales (irregular, hand-riven, 1′′ × 4′′ boards) are inserted into grooves on both sides of the floor joists; on top of these, similar pales are laid at right angles; finally a plasterlike mixture is poured over and around the top pales,
- 1707, John Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry, London: H. Mortlock & J. Robinson, 2nd edition, 1708, Chapter 1, pp. 11-12,[3]
- (archaic) Fence made from wooden stake; palisade.
- 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals), page 2:
- How are we park’d and bounded in a pale,
A little herd of England’s timorous deer,
Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs!
- 1615, Ralph Hamor, A True Discourse of the Present Estate of Virginia[4], London: William Welby, page 13:
- Fourthly, they ſhall not vpon any occaſion whatſoeuer breake downe any of our pales, or come into any of our Townes or forts by any other waies, iſſues or ports then ordinary [...].
- (by extension) Limits, bounds (especially before of).
- 1645, John Milton, Il Penseroso, in The Poetical Works of Milton, volume II, Edinburgh: Sands, Murray, and Cochran, published 1755, p. 151, lines 155–160:[5]
- But let my due feet never fail, / To walk the ſtudious cloyſters pale, / And love the high embowed roof, / With antic pillars maſſy proof, / And ſtoried windows richly dight, / Caſting a dim religious light.
- 1900, Jack London, The Son of the Wolf:The Wisdom of the Trail:
- Men so situated, beyond the pale of the honor and the law, are not to be trusted.
- 1919, B. G. Jefferis, J. L. Nichols, Searchlights on Health:When and Whom to Marry:
- All things considered, we advise the male reader to keep his desires in check till he is at least twenty-five, and the female not to enter the pale of wedlock until she has attained the age of twenty.
- 1645, John Milton, Il Penseroso, in The Poetical Works of Milton, volume II, Edinburgh: Sands, Murray, and Cochran, published 1755, p. 151, lines 155–160:[5]
- (heraldry) A vertical band down the middle of a shield.
- (archaic) A territory or defensive area within a specific boundary or under a given jurisdiction.
- (historical) The parts of Ireland under English jurisdiction.
- (historical) The territory around Calais under English control (from the 14th to 16th centuries).
- 2009, Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall, Fourth Estate, published 2010, page 402:
- He knows the fortifications – crumbling – and beyond the city walls the lands of the Pale, its woods, villages and marshes, its sluices, dykes and canals.
- 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 73:
- A low-lying, marshy enclave stretching eighteen miles along the coast and pushing some eight to ten miles inland, the Pale of Calais nestled between French Picardy to the west and, to the east, the imperial-dominated territories of Flanders.
- (historical) A portion of Russia in which Jews were permitted to live (the Pale of Settlement).
- (archaic) The jurisdiction (territorial or otherwise) of an authority.
- A cheese scoop.[1]
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb edit
pale (third-person singular simple present pales, present participle paling, simple past and past participle paled)
- To enclose with pales, or as if with pales; to encircle or encompass; to fence off.
- 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- […] your iſle, which ſtands / As Neptunes Parke, ribb’d, and pal’d in / With Oakes vnſkaleable, and roaring Waters, / With Sands that will not bear your Enemies Boates, / But ſuck them vp to th’ Top-maſt.
Related terms edit
References edit
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Noun edit
pale
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *palgëh.
Noun edit
pale (genitive pale, partitive palge or pale)
Declension edit
Declension of pale (ÕS type 6/mõte, g-ø gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | pale | palged | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | palge | ||
genitive | palete | ||
partitive | palet | palgeid | |
illative | palgesse | paletesse palgeisse | |
inessive | palges | paletes palgeis | |
elative | palgest | paletest palgeist | |
allative | palgele | paletele palgeile | |
adessive | palgel | paletel palgeil | |
ablative | palgelt | paletelt palgeilt | |
translative | palgeks | paleteks palgeiks | |
terminative | palgeni | paleteni | |
essive | palgena | paletena | |
abessive | palgeta | paleteta | |
comitative | palgega | paletega |
Declension of pale (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | pale | paled | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | pale | ||
genitive | palede | ||
partitive | palet | palesid | |
illative | palle palesse |
paledesse | |
inessive | pales | paledes | |
elative | palest | paledest | |
allative | palele | paledele | |
adessive | palel | paledel | |
ablative | palelt | paledelt | |
translative | paleks | paledeks | |
terminative | paleni | paledeni | |
essive | palena | paledena | |
abessive | paleta | paledeta | |
comitative | palega | paledega |
French edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Occitan pala (or some western Oïl language), from Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”). Doublet of pelle.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pale f (plural pales)
Further reading edit
- “pale”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Haitian Creole edit
Etymology edit
From French parler (“talk, speak”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
pale
- to talk, to speak
- 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik[6]:
- Anvwaye espesyal Etazini pou Venezuela, Elliot Abrams, ak vis-minis afè etranjè Larisi, Sergei Ryabkov, ap fè reyinyon nan vil Wòm ann Itali pou yo pale sou “sityasyon Venezuela kap agrave.”
- American Special Envoy for Venezuela Elliot Abrams and Russian Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Ryabkov are meeting in the city of Rome, Italy to talk about "the worsening situation in Venezuela."
Hawaiian edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
pale
Derived terms edit
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *palgëh. Cognates include Finnish palje and Estonian pale.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpɑle/, [ˈpɑɫe̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpɑle/, [ˈpɑɫe̞]
- Rhymes: -ɑle
- Hyphenation: pa‧le
Noun edit
pale
Declension edit
Declension of pale (type 6/lähe, k- gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | pale | palkeet |
genitive | palkeen | palkein |
partitive | paletta | palkeita |
illative | palkeesse | palkeisse |
inessive | palkees | palkeis |
elative | palkeest | palkeist |
allative | palkeelle | palkeille |
adessive | palkeel | palkeil |
ablative | palkeelt | palkeilt |
translative | palkeeks | palkeiks |
essive | palkeenna, palkeen | palkeinna, palkein |
exessive1) | palkeent | palkeint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 378
Italian edit
Noun edit
pale f
Anagrams edit
Jakaltek edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish padre (“father”).
Noun edit
pale
References edit
- Church, Clarence, Church, Katherine (1955) Vocabulario castellano-jacalteco, jacalteco-castellano[7] (in Spanish), Guatemala C. A.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 17; 39
Latin edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek πάλη (pálē).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpa.leː/, [ˈpäɫ̪eː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpa.le/, [ˈpäːle]
Noun edit
palē f (genitive palēs); first declension
Declension edit
First-declension noun (Greek-type).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | palē | palae |
Genitive | palēs | palārum |
Dative | palae | palīs |
Accusative | palēn | palās |
Ablative | palē | palīs |
Vocative | palē | palae |
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
pāle
References edit
- “pale”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- pale in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “pale”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “pale”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Lindu edit
Noun edit
pale
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Participle edit
pale
Norman edit
Etymology edit
From Old French pale, from Latin pallidus (“pale, pallid”).
Adjective edit
pale m or f
Synonyms edit
Northern Kurdish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pale ?
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Noun edit
pale n (definite singular paleet, indefinite plural pale or paleer, definite plural palea or paleene)
- alternative spelling of palé
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Noun edit
pale n (definite singular paleet, indefinite plural pale, definite plural palea)
- alternative spelling of palé
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
pale m (oblique and nominative feminine singular pale)
Descendants edit
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pale m
Noun edit
pale m
Noun edit
pale f
Further reading edit
- pale in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian edit
Verb edit
pale (Cyrillic spelling пале)
Participle edit
pale (Cyrillic spelling пале)
Swahili edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Adjective edit
pale