ضل

See also: صل

Arabic

Root
ض ل ل (ḍ l l)
8 terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dˤal.la/

Verb

ضَلَّ • (ḍalla) I (non-past يَضِلُّ (yaḍillu), verbal noun ضَلّ (ḍall) or ضَلَال (ḍalāl) or ضَلَالَة (ḍalāla))

1. to go astray, to err, to lose

   Antonym: اِهْتَدَى (ihtadā)

   ضَلَّ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ. / ضَلَّ الطَّرِيقَ.

   ḍalla ʕani ṭ-ṭarīqi. / ḍalla aṭ-ṭarīqa.

   He went astray from the way.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 1:7:

     صِرٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّالِّينَ

     ṣirāṭa llaḏīna ʔanʕamta ʕalayhim ḡayri l-maḡḍūbi ʕalayhim walā ḍ-ḍāllīna

     The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:125:

     إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ

     ʔinna rabbaka huwa ʔaʕlamu biman ḍalla ʕan sabīlihi wahuwa ʔaʕlamu bi-l-muhtadīna

     Your Lord ˹alone˺ knows best who has strayed from His Way and who is ˹rightly˺ guided.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:17:

     أَأَنْتُمْ أَضْلَلْتُمْ عِبَادِي هَٰؤُلَاءِ أَمْ هُمْ ضَلُّوا السَّبِيلَ

     ʔaʔantum ʔaḍlaltum ʕibādī hāʔulāʔi ʔam hum ḍallū as-sabīla

     Was it you who misled these servants of Mine, or did they stray from the Way ˹on their own˺?

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ضَلَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i, full passive, verbal nouns ضَلّ, ضَلَال, ضَلَالَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						ضَلّ, ضَلَال, ضَلَالَة ḍall, ḍalāl, ḍalāla
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						ضَالّ ḍāll
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَضْلُول maḍlūl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ضَلَلْتُ ḍalaltu	ضَلَلْتَ ḍalalta	ضَلَّ ḍalla		ضَلَلْتُمَا ḍalaltumā	ضَلَّا ḍallā		ضَلَلْنَا ḍalalnā	ضَلَلْتُمْ ḍalaltum	ضَلُّوا ḍallū
	f		ضَلَلْتِ ḍalalti	ضَلَّتْ ḍallat			ضَلَّتَا ḍallatā			ضَلَلْتُنَّ ḍalaltunna	ضَلَلْنَ ḍalalna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَضِلُّ ʔaḍillu	تَضِلُّ taḍillu	يَضِلُّ yaḍillu		تَضِلَّانِ taḍillāni	يَضِلَّانِ yaḍillāni		نَضِلُّ naḍillu	تَضِلُّونَ taḍillūna	يَضِلُّونَ yaḍillūna
	f		تَضِلِّينَ taḍillīna	تَضِلُّ taḍillu			تَضِلَّانِ taḍillāni			تَضْلِلْنَ taḍlilna	يَضْلِلْنَ yaḍlilna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَضِلَّ ʔaḍilla	تَضِلَّ taḍilla	يَضِلَّ yaḍilla		تَضِلَّا taḍillā	يَضِلَّا yaḍillā		نَضِلَّ naḍilla	تَضِلُّوا taḍillū	يَضِلُّوا yaḍillū
	f		تَضِلِّي taḍillī	تَضِلَّ taḍilla			تَضِلَّا taḍillā			تَضْلِلْنَ taḍlilna	يَضْلِلْنَ yaḍlilna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَضِلَّ, أَضِلِّ, أَضْلِلْ ʔaḍilla, ʔaḍilli, ʔaḍlil	تَضِلَّ, تَضِلِّ, تَضْلِلْ taḍilla, taḍilli, taḍlil	يَضِلَّ, يَضِلِّ, يَضْلِلْ yaḍilla, yaḍilli, yaḍlil		تَضِلَّا taḍillā	يَضِلَّا yaḍillā		نَضِلَّ, نَضِلِّ, نَضْلِلْ naḍilla, naḍilli, naḍlil	تَضِلُّوا taḍillū	يَضِلُّوا yaḍillū
	f		تَضِلِّي taḍillī	تَضِلَّ, تَضِلِّ, تَضْلِلْ taḍilla, taḍilli, taḍlil			تَضِلَّا taḍillā			تَضْلِلْنَ taḍlilna	يَضْلِلْنَ yaḍlilna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ضِلَّ, ضِلِّ, اِضْلِلْ ḍilla, ḍilli, iḍlil			ضِلَّا ḍillā				ضِلُّوا ḍillū
	f		ضِلِّي ḍillī							اِضْلِلْنَ iḍlilna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ضُلِلْتُ ḍuliltu	ضُلِلْتَ ḍulilta	ضُلَّ ḍulla		ضُلِلْتُمَا ḍuliltumā	ضُلَّا ḍullā		ضُلِلْنَا ḍulilnā	ضُلِلْتُمْ ḍuliltum	ضُلُّوا ḍullū
	f		ضُلِلْتِ ḍulilti	ضُلَّتْ ḍullat			ضُلَّتَا ḍullatā			ضُلِلْتُنَّ ḍuliltunna	ضُلِلْنَ ḍulilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُضَلُّ ʔuḍallu	تُضَلُّ tuḍallu	يُضَلُّ yuḍallu		تُضَلَّانِ tuḍallāni	يُضَلَّانِ yuḍallāni		نُضَلُّ nuḍallu	تُضَلُّونَ tuḍallūna	يُضَلُّونَ yuḍallūna
	f		تُضَلِّينَ tuḍallīna	تُضَلُّ tuḍallu			تُضَلَّانِ tuḍallāni			تُضْلَلْنَ tuḍlalna	يُضْلَلْنَ yuḍlalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُضَلَّ ʔuḍalla	تُضَلَّ tuḍalla	يُضَلَّ yuḍalla		تُضَلَّا tuḍallā	يُضَلَّا yuḍallā		نُضَلَّ nuḍalla	تُضَلُّوا tuḍallū	يُضَلُّوا yuḍallū
	f		تُضَلِّي tuḍallī	تُضَلَّ tuḍalla			تُضَلَّا tuḍallā			تُضْلَلْنَ tuḍlalna	يُضْلَلْنَ yuḍlalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُضَلَّ, أُضَلِّ, أُضْلَلْ ʔuḍalla, ʔuḍalli, ʔuḍlal	تُضَلَّ, تُضَلِّ, تُضْلَلْ tuḍalla, tuḍalli, tuḍlal	يُضَلَّ, يُضَلِّ, يُضْلَلْ yuḍalla, yuḍalli, yuḍlal		تُضَلَّا tuḍallā	يُضَلَّا yuḍallā		نُضَلَّ, نُضَلِّ, نُضْلَلْ nuḍalla, nuḍalli, nuḍlal	تُضَلُّوا tuḍallū	يُضَلُّوا yuḍallū
	f		تُضَلِّي tuḍallī	تُضَلَّ, تُضَلِّ, تُضْلَلْ tuḍalla, tuḍalli, tuḍlal			تُضَلَّا tuḍallā			تُضْلَلْنَ tuḍlalna	يُضْلَلْنَ yuḍlalna

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ضل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Noun

ضَلّ • (ḍall) m

1. verbal noun of ضَلَّ (ḍalla) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun ضَلّ (ḍall)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	ضَلّ ḍall	الضَّلّ aḍ-ḍall	ضَلّ ḍall
nominative	ضَلٌّ ḍallun	الضَّلُّ aḍ-ḍallu	ضَلُّ ḍallu
accusative	ضَلًّا ḍallan	الضَّلَّ aḍ-ḍalla	ضَلَّ ḍalla
genitive	ضَلٍّ ḍallin	الضَّلِّ aḍ-ḍalli	ضَلِّ ḍalli

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ض ل ل
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤall/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ضل • (ḍall) m (plural ضلول (ḍlūl) or ضلال (ḍlāl))

1. shadow

   Synonym: خيال (ḵyāl)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic ظَلَّ (ẓalla).

Verb

ضل • (ḍall) (nonpast يضَلّ (yḍall))

1. (intransitive) to stay, to remain

   Synonym: بِقِي (biʔi)

   ضَلَّيْت بِالبَيْت ― ḍallēt bil-bēt ― I stayed home.

2. to keep doing (construed with either a present-progressive participle, عَم (ʕam), or a subjunctive verb)

   هو ضل يحكي ونحنا ضلينا ماشيين

   huwwe ḍall yiḥki w-niḥna ḍallēna māšyīn

   He kept talking and we kept walking.

Usage notes

• Uniquely, this verb can also be conjugated by substituting a matching object pronoun for the normal ending of a given conjugation. For example, ضَلّْ (ḍall, “he stayed”), ضَلَّيْتُوا (ḍallaytu, “you stayed”, plural you), بِيضَلُّوا (biḍallu, “they stay”), and ضَلِّي (ḍalli, “stay!”, feminine imperative) can alternatively be ضَلُّه (ḍallo, “he stayed”), ضَلَّيْتْكُن (ḍallaytkun, “you stayed”, plural you), بِيضَلّْهُن (biḍall(h)un, “they stay”), and ضَلِّك (ḍallik, “stay!”, feminine imperative). The conjugation ضَلَّيْنَا (ḍallayna, “we stayed”) looks the same in both paradigms.
• For some speakers, the imperative is suppleted by one fashioned on خَلَّى (ḵalla, “to let be, to keep [as is]”). This suppletive form mandatorily uses object pronouns to conjugate: its singular forms use the base خَلِّيك (ḵallīk-). The plural can either be خَلُّوكُن (ḵallūkun, “stay!”, plural imperative) or خَلِّيكُن (ḵallīkun, “stay!”, plural imperative).

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ض ل ل
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤall/, [dˤɑlˤ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

ضلّ • (ḍall) I (present بضلّ (biḍall), active participle ضايل (ḍāyil))

1. to stay, to remain

   Synonym: بقي (biʔi)

   إحنا رح نطلع، ما رح نضلّ بالبيت.

   ʔiḥna raḥ niṭlaʕ, mā raḥ nḍall bil-bēt

   We're going out, we're not going to stay at home.

2. (by extension, with enclitic determiner) to continue, to keep doing

   قلتلّه ألف مرّة ما يضلّه يسبسب.

   ʔult-illo ʔalf marra ma yḍallօ ysabsib

   I told him a thousand times not to keep cursing.

   ما تضلّكش تسأل إذا عادي.

   mā tḍallak-š tisʔal ʔiza ʕādi

   Don't go on asking if it's OK.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ضل

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ضلّيت (ḍallēt)	ضلّيت (ḍallēt)	ضلّ (ḍall)		ضلّينا (ḍallēna)	ضلّيتو (ḍallētu)	ضلّو (ḍallu)
	f		ضلّيتي (ḍallēti)	ضلّت (ḍallat)
present	m	بضلّ (baḍall)	بتضلّ (bitḍall)	بضلّ (biḍall)		منضلّ (minḍall)	بتضلّو (bitḍallu)	بضلّو (biḍallu)
	f		بتضلّي (bitḍalli)	بتضلّ (bitḍall)
subjunctive	m	اضلّ (aḍall)	تضلّ (tḍall)	يضلّ (yḍall)		نضلّ (nḍall)	تضلّو (tḍallu)	يضلّو (yḍallu)
	f		تضلّي (tḍalli)	تضلّ (tḍall)
imperative	m		ضلّ (ḍall)				ضلّو (ḍallu)
	f		ضلّي (ḍalli)