ضل

See also: صل‎

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ض ل ل‎ (ḍ-l-l).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dˤal.la/

Verb

ضَلَّ • (ḍalla) I, non-past يَضِلُّ‎‎ (yaḍillu)

1. to go astray, to err, to lose

   Antonym: اِهْتَدَى‎ (ihtadā)

   • 609–632 C.E., Qur'an, 1:7:

     ‏صِرٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّالِّينَ‎‎

     ṣirāṭa llaḏīna ʾanʿamta ʿalayhim ḡayri l-maḡḍūbi ʿalayhim walā ḍ-ḍāllīna

     The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray

Conjugation

Conjugation of

ضَلَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal nouns ضَلَال or ضَلَالَة)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						ضَلَال‎ or ضَلَالَة‎ ḍalāl or ḍalāla
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						ضَالّ‎ ḍāll
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ضَلَلْتُ‎ ḍalaltu	ضَلَلْتَ‎ ḍalalta	ضَلَّ ḍalla		ضَلَلْتُمَا‎ ḍalaltumā	ضَلَّا‎ ḍallā		ضَلَلْنَا‎ ḍalalnā	ضَلَلْتُمْ‎ ḍalaltum	ضَلُّوا‎ ḍallū
	f		ضَلَلْتِ‎ ḍalalti	ضَلَّتْ‎ ḍallat			ضَلَّتَا‎ ḍallatā			ضَلَلْتُنَّ‎ ḍalaltunna	ضَلَلْنَ‎ ḍalalna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أَضِلُّ‎ ʾaḍillu	تَضِلُّ‎ taḍillu	يَضِلُّ‎ yaḍillu		تَضِلَّانِ‎ taḍillāni	يَضِلَّانِ‎ yaḍillāni		نَضِلُّ‎ naḍillu	تَضِلُّونَ‎ taḍillūna	يَضِلُّونَ‎ yaḍillūna
	f		تَضِلِّينَ‎ taḍillīna	تَضِلُّ‎ taḍillu			تَضِلَّانِ‎ taḍillāni			تَضْلِلْنَ‎ taḍlilna	يَضْلِلْنَ‎ yaḍlilna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَضِلَّ‎ ʾaḍilla	تَضِلَّ‎ taḍilla	يَضِلَّ‎ yaḍilla		تَضِلَّا‎ taḍillā	يَضِلَّا‎ yaḍillā		نَضِلَّ‎ naḍilla	تَضِلُّوا‎ taḍillū	يَضِلُّوا‎ yaḍillū
	f		تَضِلِّي‎ taḍillī	تَضِلَّ‎ taḍilla			تَضِلَّا‎ taḍillā			تَضْلِلْنَ‎ taḍlilna	يَضْلِلْنَ‎ yaḍlilna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَضِلَّ‎ or أَضِلِّ‎ or أَضْلِلْ‎ ʾaḍilla or ʾaḍilli or ʾaḍlil	تَضِلَّ‎ or تَضِلِّ‎ or تَضْلِلْ‎ taḍilla or taḍilli or taḍlil	يَضِلَّ‎ or يَضِلِّ‎ or يَضْلِلْ‎ yaḍilla or yaḍilli or yaḍlil		تَضِلَّا‎ taḍillā	يَضِلَّا‎ yaḍillā		نَضِلَّ‎ or نَضِلِّ‎ or نَضْلِلْ‎ naḍilla or naḍilli or naḍlil	تَضِلُّوا‎ taḍillū	يَضِلُّوا‎ yaḍillū
	f		تَضِلِّي‎ taḍillī	تَضِلَّ‎ or تَضِلِّ‎ or تَضْلِلْ‎ taḍilla or taḍilli or taḍlil			تَضِلَّا‎ taḍillā			تَضْلِلْنَ‎ taḍlilna	يَضْلِلْنَ‎ yaḍlilna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ضِلَّ or ضِلِّ or اِضْلِلْ‎ ḍilla or ḍilli or iḍlil			ضِلَّا‎ ḍillā				ضِلُّوا‎ ḍillū
	f		ضِلِّي‎ ḍillī							اِضْلِلْنَ‎ iḍlilna

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) , “ضل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

---

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ‎ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤalː/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ضل • (ḍall) m

1. shadow

   Synonym: خيال‎ (ḵyāl)

---

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic ظَلَّ‎ (ẓalla).

Verb

ضل (ḍall) (nonpast يضَلّ‎ (yḍall))

1. (intransitive) to stay, to remain

   Synonym: بِقِي‎ (biʾi)

   ‏ضَلَّيْت بِالبَيْت‎

   ḍallēt bil-bēt

   I stayed home.

2. to keep doing (construed with either a present-progressive participle, عَم‎ (ʿam), or a subjunctive verb)

   ‏هو ضل يحكي ونحنا ضلينا ماشيين‎

   huwwe ḍall yiḥki w-niḥna ḍallēna māšyīn

   He kept talking and we kept walking.

Usage notes

See this verb's section at Appendix:Lebanese_Arabic_verbs for detail. In short...

• This verb has an alternative conjugation paradigm whereby the corresponding object pronouns are added on to the normally conjugated forms. It is the only verb in the language able to conjugate in this manner.
• For some speakers, the expected imperative is suppleted by one fashioned on خَلَّى‎ (ḵalla, “to let be, to keep [as is]”). This suppletive form mandatorily uses the object-pronoun conjugation paradigm: its base is خَلِّيك‎ (ḵallīk-).