ظل

See also: طل

Arabic

Root
ظ ل ل (ẓ-l-l)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ṯ̣ill- (“shadow”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒄑𒈪 (ṣillum), Ugaritic 𐎑𐎍 (ẓl) and Biblical Hebrew צל (ṣel).

Noun

ظِلّ • (ẓill) m (plural ظِلَال (ẓilāl) or ظُلُول (ẓulūl) or أَظْلَال (ʔaẓlāl))

1. shadow, shade
2. reflection
3. shady garden
4. paradise
5. protection, help, assistance
6. dark cloud
7. darkness
8. night
9. phantom, specter
10. cover, lid, scabbard
11. shape, figure, person
12. the Sultan (as shadow of God on Earth)
13. greatness, sublimity, distinction, eminence, rareness
14. power, night
15. colors of the day, shades of color, bloom of youth
16. heat of summer
17. fringe, hairy side of a cloth
18. hue
19. trace
20. (mathematics, trigonometry) tangent (symbol: ظا, ظل)

Declension

Declension of noun ظِلّ (ẓill)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظِلّ ẓill	الظِّلّ aẓ-ẓill	ظِلّ ẓill
Nominative	ظِلٌّ ẓillun	الظِّلُّ aẓ-ẓillu	ظِلُّ ẓillu
Accusative	ظِلًّا ẓillan	الظِّلَّ aẓ-ẓilla	ظِلَّ ẓilla
Genitive	ظِلٍّ ẓillin	الظِّلِّ aẓ-ẓilli	ظِلِّ ẓilli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظِلَّيْن ẓillayn	الظِّلَّيْن aẓ-ẓillayn	ظِلَّيْ ẓillay
Nominative	ظِلَّانِ ẓillāni	الظِّلَّانِ aẓ-ẓillāni	ظِلَّا ẓillā
Accusative	ظِلَّيْنِ ẓillayni	الظِّلَّيْنِ aẓ-ẓillayni	ظِلَّيْ ẓillay
Genitive	ظِلَّيْنِ ẓillayni	الظِّلَّيْنِ aẓ-ẓillayni	ظِلَّيْ ẓillay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظِلَال‎; ظُلُول‎; أَظْلَال ẓilāl‎; ẓulūl‎; ʔaẓlāl	الظِّلَال‎; الظُّلُول‎; الْأَظْلَال aẓ-ẓilāl‎; aẓ-ẓulūl‎; al-ʔaẓlāl	ظِلَال‎; ظُلُول‎; أَظْلَال ẓilāl‎; ẓulūl‎; ʔaẓlāl
Nominative	ظِلَالٌ‎; ظُلُولٌ‎; أَظْلَالٌ ẓilālun‎; ẓulūlun‎; ʔaẓlālun	الظِّلَالُ‎; الظُّلُولُ‎; الْأَظْلَالُ aẓ-ẓilālu‎; aẓ-ẓulūlu‎; al-ʔaẓlālu	ظِلَالُ‎; ظُلُولُ‎; أَظْلَالُ ẓilālu‎; ẓulūlu‎; ʔaẓlālu
Accusative	ظِلَالًا‎; ظُلُولًا‎; أَظْلَالًا ẓilālan‎; ẓulūlan‎; ʔaẓlālan	الظِّلَالَ‎; الظُّلُولَ‎; الْأَظْلَالَ aẓ-ẓilāla‎; aẓ-ẓulūla‎; al-ʔaẓlāla	ظِلَالَ‎; ظُلُولَ‎; أَظْلَالَ ẓilāla‎; ẓulūla‎; ʔaẓlāla
Genitive	ظِلَالٍ‎; ظُلُولٍ‎; أَظْلَالٍ ẓilālin‎; ẓulūlin‎; ʔaẓlālin	الظِّلَالِ‎; الظُّلُولِ‎; الْأَظْلَالِ aẓ-ẓilāli‎; aẓ-ẓulūli‎; al-ʔaẓlāli	ظِلَالِ‎; ظُلُولِ‎; أَظْلَالِ ẓilāli‎; ẓulūli‎; ʔaẓlāli

See also

• جَيْب تَمَام (jayb tamām, “cosine”)
• جَيْب (jayb, “sine”)
• ظِلّ تَمَام (ẓill tamām, “cotangent”)
• قَاطِع (qāṭiʕ, “secant”)
• قَاطِع تَمَام (qāṭiʕ tamām, “cosecant”)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ظل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ظل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Verb

ظَلَّ • (ẓalla) I, non-past يَظَلُّ‎ (yaẓallu)

1. (copulative) to remain, to persist, to maintain

   ظَلَّ صَامِتًا

   ẓalla ṣāmitan

   He remained silent.

   ظَلَّ عَلَى مَوْقِفِهِ

   ẓalla ʕalā mawqifihi

   He maintained his point of view. [= stayed in the place he was standing]

2. to keep doing, to do constantly, to persist in, to remain [+participle or imperfect = doing]

   يَظَلُّ يَتْبَعُهَا

   yaẓallu yatbaʕuhā

   He keeps following her.

   ظَلُّوا جَالِسِينَ

   ẓallū jālisīna

   They remained sitting.

Conjugation

Conjugation of

ظَلَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal nouns ظَلّ or ظُلُول)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						ظَلّ or ظُلُول ẓall or ẓulūl
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						ظَالّ ẓāll
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَظْلُول maẓlūl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظَلِلْتُ ẓaliltu	ظَلِلْتَ ẓalilta	ظَلَّ ẓalla		ظَلِلْتُمَا ẓaliltumā	ظَلَّا ẓallā		ظَلِلْنَا ẓalilnā	ظَلِلْتُمْ ẓaliltum	ظَلُّوا ẓallū
	f		ظَلِلْتِ ẓalilti	ظَلَّتْ ẓallat			ظَلَّتَا ẓallatā			ظَلِلْتُنَّ ẓaliltunna	ظَلِلْنَ ẓalilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَظَلُّ ʔaẓallu	تَظَلُّ taẓallu	يَظَلُّ yaẓallu		تَظَلَّانِ taẓallāni	يَظَلَّانِ yaẓallāni		نَظَلُّ naẓallu	تَظَلُّونَ taẓallūna	يَظَلُّونَ yaẓallūna
	f		تَظَلِّينَ taẓallīna	تَظَلُّ taẓallu			تَظَلَّانِ taẓallāni			تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna	يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَظَلَّ ʔaẓalla	تَظَلَّ taẓalla	يَظَلَّ yaẓalla		تَظَلَّا taẓallā	يَظَلَّا yaẓallā		نَظَلَّ naẓalla	تَظَلُّوا taẓallū	يَظَلُّوا yaẓallū
	f		تَظَلِّي taẓallī	تَظَلَّ taẓalla			تَظَلَّا taẓallā			تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna	يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَظَلَّ or أَظَلِّ or أَظْلَلْ ʔaẓalla or ʔaẓalli or ʔaẓlal	تَظَلَّ or تَظَلِّ or تَظْلَلْ taẓalla or taẓalli or taẓlal	يَظَلَّ or يَظَلِّ or يَظْلَلْ yaẓalla or yaẓalli or yaẓlal		تَظَلَّا taẓallā	يَظَلَّا yaẓallā		نَظَلَّ or نَظَلِّ or نَظْلَلْ naẓalla or naẓalli or naẓlal	تَظَلُّوا taẓallū	يَظَلُّوا yaẓallū
	f		تَظَلِّي taẓallī	تَظَلَّ or تَظَلِّ or تَظْلَلْ taẓalla or taẓalli or taẓlal			تَظَلَّا taẓallā			تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna	يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ظَلَّ or ظَلِّ or اِظْلَلْ ẓalla or ẓalli or iẓlal			ظَلَّا ẓallā				ظَلُّوا ẓallū
	f		ظَلِّي ẓallī							اِظْلَلْنَ iẓlalna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	ظُلَّ ẓulla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُظَلُّ yuẓallu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُظَلَّ yuẓalla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُظَلَّ or يُظَلِّ or يُظْلَلْ yuẓalla or yuẓalli or yuẓlal		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Synonyms

• مَا زَالَ (mā zāla, “to not stop (doing)”)

Etymology 3

Noun

ظَلّ • (ẓall) m

1. verbal noun of ظَلَّ (ẓalla) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun ظَلّ (ẓall)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظَلّ ẓall	الظَّلّ aẓ-ẓall	ظَلّ ẓall
Nominative	ظَلٌّ ẓallun	الظَّلُّ aẓ-ẓallu	ظَلُّ ẓallu
Accusative	ظَلًّا ẓallan	الظَّلَّ aẓ-ẓalla	ظَلَّ ẓalla
Genitive	ظَلٍّ ẓallin	الظَّلِّ aẓ-ẓalli	ظَلِّ ẓalli

Gulf Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

• (kw) IPA^(key): /ðˤɪlˤ/

Noun

ظل • (ḏ̣iḷḷ) m (plural ظلال (ḏ̣ḷāḷ))

1. shadow
2. shade

Etymology 2

From Arabic ظَلَّ (ẓalla).

Pronunciation

• (kw) IPA^(key): /ðˤəlˤ/
• Homophone: ضل (ḏ̣aḷ)

Verb

ظل • (ḏ̣aḷḷ) (non-past يظل (yḏ̣iḷḷ))

1. to stay, to remain

   Synonym: بقى (buga)

   Antonym: راح (rāḥ)

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ظ ل ل
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤill/, [dˤɪl]

Noun

ظِلّ • (ḍill) m (plural ظلال (ḍilāl))

1. shadow
2. shade

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [zill]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zɪll]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zɪll]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zɪll]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zill̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zell̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zill]

Readings
Classical reading?	zill
Dari reading?	zill
Iranian reading?	zell
Tajik reading?	zill

Noun

Dari	ظل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зилл

ظل • (zell) (plural ظلال (zelāl))

1. shadow, shade
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 621:

     زین چنین قحط سه ساله داد داد
     ظل مولانا ابد پاینده باد

     z-īn čunīn qaht-i sih sāla dād dād
     zill-i mawlānā abad pāyanda bād

     Justice, justice against such a three years' famine!
     May the shadow of our lord endure for ever!

2. shelter, protection, aegis

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “ظل”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim