فرس

See also: فرش, قرش, and ف ر س

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *paras-, compare Ge'ez ፈረሰ (färäsä, “to demolish”), Hebrew פָּרַס (pārás, “to divide”), Aramaic פְּרַס (pᵊras, “to divide”), Akkadian 𒋻 (parāsum, “to cut off”). From the root ف ر س (f r s).

Also, from Proto-Semitic *paraš-, Aramaic פְרַשׁ (pᵊraš, “to cut off”).

Further, Arabic فَرَصَ (faraṣa, “to slit”), Hebrew פָּרַץ (pāraṣ, “to breach”), Akkadian 𒉺𒊏𒍮 (parāṣum, “to lie, to break an oath or breach trust”), Ge'ez ፈረጸ (färäṣä, “to break open”), Ugaritic 𐎔𐎗𐎕 (prṣ, “to open”), as well as Arabic فَرَضَ (faraḍa, “to notch”).

Also, Arabic فَرَقَ (faraqa, “to separate”), widespread in Semitic.

Also, Arabic فَرَثَ (faraṯa, “to scatter”), Aramaic פְּרַת (pᵊraṯ, “to tear apart”)

Verb

فَرَسَ • (farasa) I (non-past يَفْرِسُ (yafrisu), verbal noun فَرْس (fars))

1. to maul, to tear up, to tatter

Conjugation

Conjugation of فَرَسَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive (?), verbal noun فَرْس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						فَرْس fars
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						فَارِس fāris
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَفْرُوس mafrūs
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فَرَسْتُ farastu	فَرَسْتَ farasta	فَرَسَ farasa		فَرَسْتُمَا farastumā	فَرَسَا farasā		فَرَسْنَا farasnā	فَرَسْتُمْ farastum	فَرَسُوا farasū
	f		فَرَسْتِ farasti	فَرَسَتْ farasat			فَرَسَتَا farasatā			فَرَسْتُنَّ farastunna	فَرَسْنَ farasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَفْرِسُ ʔafrisu	تَفْرِسُ tafrisu	يَفْرِسُ yafrisu		تَفْرِسَانِ tafrisāni	يَفْرِسَانِ yafrisāni		نَفْرِسُ nafrisu	تَفْرِسُونَ tafrisūna	يَفْرِسُونَ yafrisūna
	f		تَفْرِسِينَ tafrisīna	تَفْرِسُ tafrisu			تَفْرِسَانِ tafrisāni			تَفْرِسْنَ tafrisna	يَفْرِسْنَ yafrisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَفْرِسَ ʔafrisa	تَفْرِسَ tafrisa	يَفْرِسَ yafrisa		تَفْرِسَا tafrisā	يَفْرِسَا yafrisā		نَفْرِسَ nafrisa	تَفْرِسُوا tafrisū	يَفْرِسُوا yafrisū
	f		تَفْرِسِي tafrisī	تَفْرِسَ tafrisa			تَفْرِسَا tafrisā			تَفْرِسْنَ tafrisna	يَفْرِسْنَ yafrisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَفْرِسْ ʔafris	تَفْرِسْ tafris	يَفْرِسْ yafris		تَفْرِسَا tafrisā	يَفْرِسَا yafrisā		نَفْرِسْ nafris	تَفْرِسُوا tafrisū	يَفْرِسُوا yafrisū
	f		تَفْرِسِي tafrisī	تَفْرِسْ tafris			تَفْرِسَا tafrisā			تَفْرِسْنَ tafrisna	يَفْرِسْنَ yafrisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِفْرِسْ ifris			اِفْرِسَا ifrisā				اِفْرِسُوا ifrisū
	f		اِفْرِسِي ifrisī							اِفْرِسْنَ ifrisna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فُرِسْتُ furistu	فُرِسْتَ furista	فُرِسَ furisa		فُرِسْتُمَا furistumā	فُرِسَا furisā		فُرِسْنَا furisnā	فُرِسْتُمْ furistum	فُرِسُوا furisū
	f		فُرِسْتِ furisti	فُرِسَتْ furisat			فُرِسَتَا furisatā			فُرِسْتُنَّ furistunna	فُرِسْنَ furisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفْرَسُ ʔufrasu	تُفْرَسُ tufrasu	يُفْرَسُ yufrasu		تُفْرَسَانِ tufrasāni	يُفْرَسَانِ yufrasāni		نُفْرَسُ nufrasu	تُفْرَسُونَ tufrasūna	يُفْرَسُونَ yufrasūna
	f		تُفْرَسِينَ tufrasīna	تُفْرَسُ tufrasu			تُفْرَسَانِ tufrasāni			تُفْرَسْنَ tufrasna	يُفْرَسْنَ yufrasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفْرَسَ ʔufrasa	تُفْرَسَ tufrasa	يُفْرَسَ yufrasa		تُفْرَسَا tufrasā	يُفْرَسَا yufrasā		نُفْرَسَ nufrasa	تُفْرَسُوا tufrasū	يُفْرَسُوا yufrasū
	f		تُفْرَسِي tufrasī	تُفْرَسَ tufrasa			تُفْرَسَا tufrasā			تُفْرَسْنَ tufrasna	يُفْرَسْنَ yufrasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفْرَسْ ʔufras	تُفْرَسْ tufras	يُفْرَسْ yufras		تُفْرَسَا tufrasā	يُفْرَسَا yufrasā		نُفْرَسْ nufras	تُفْرَسُوا tufrasū	يُفْرَسُوا yufrasū
	f		تُفْرَسِي tufrasī	تُفْرَسْ tufras			تُفْرَسَا tufrasā			تُفْرَسْنَ tufrasna	يُفْرَسْنَ yufrasna

Noun

فَرْس • (fars) m

1. verbal noun of فَرَسَ (farasa) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun فَرْس (fars)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فَرْس fars	الْفَرْس al-fars	فَرْس fars
nominative	فَرْسٌ farsun	الْفَرْسُ al-farsu	فَرْسُ farsu
accusative	فَرْسًا farsan	الْفَرْسَ al-farsa	فَرْسَ farsa
genitive	فَرْسٍ farsin	الْفَرْسِ al-farsi	فَرْسِ farsi

Etymology 2

Cognate with Hebrew פָּרָשׁ (pārā́š, “horseman”), Classical Syriac ܦܪܫܐ (parašā, “horseman”), Ge'ez ፈረስ (färäs, “horse”).

Noun

فَرَس • (faras) m or f (plural أَفْرَاس (ʔafrās))

1. horse, mare

   Synonyms: حِصَان (ḥiṣān), خَيْل (ḵayl)

Declension

Declension of noun فَرَس (faras)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فَرَس faras	الْفَرَس al-faras	فَرَس faras
nominative	فَرَسٌ farasun	الْفَرَسُ al-farasu	فَرَسُ farasu
accusative	فَرَسًا farasan	الْفَرَسَ al-farasa	فَرَسَ farasa
genitive	فَرَسٍ farasin	الْفَرَسِ al-farasi	فَرَسِ farasi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فَرَسَيْن farasayn	الْفَرَسَيْن al-farasayn	فَرَسَيْ farasay
nominative	فَرَسَانِ farasāni	الْفَرَسَانِ al-farasāni	فَرَسَا farasā
accusative	فَرَسَيْنِ farasayni	الْفَرَسَيْنِ al-farasayni	فَرَسَيْ farasay
genitive	فَرَسَيْنِ farasayni	الْفَرَسَيْنِ al-farasayni	فَرَسَيْ farasay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَفْرَاس ʔafrās	الْأَفْرَاس al-ʔafrās	أَفْرَاس ʔafrās
nominative	أَفْرَاسٌ ʔafrāsun	الْأَفْرَاسُ al-ʔafrāsu	أَفْرَاسُ ʔafrāsu
accusative	أَفْرَاسًا ʔafrāsan	الْأَفْرَاسَ al-ʔafrāsa	أَفْرَاسَ ʔafrāsa
genitive	أَفْرَاسٍ ʔafrāsin	الْأَفْرَاسِ al-ʔafrāsi	أَفْرَاسِ ʔafrāsi

Descendants

• → Afar: farás
• → Baldemu: pilish (possibly)
• → Portuguese: alfaraz, Alfaraz
• → Swahili: farasi
  • → Kikuyu: mbarathi
  • → Lingala: farása
  • → Luganda: mbalaàsi
  • → Tooro: embaraasi

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “فرس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2367.

Etymology 3

From Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).

Verb

فَرَّسَ • (farrasa) II (non-past يُفَرِّسُ (yufarrisu), verbal noun تَفْرِيس (tafrīs))

1. to persianize/persify

Conjugation

Conjugation of فَرَّسَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَفْرِيس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَفْرِيس tafrīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُفَرِّس mufarris
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُفَرَّس mufarras
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فَرَّسْتُ farrastu	فَرَّسْتَ farrasta	فَرَّسَ farrasa		فَرَّسْتُمَا farrastumā	فَرَّسَا farrasā		فَرَّسْنَا farrasnā	فَرَّسْتُمْ farrastum	فَرَّسُوا farrasū
	f		فَرَّسْتِ farrasti	فَرَّسَتْ farrasat			فَرَّسَتَا farrasatā			فَرَّسْتُنَّ farrastunna	فَرَّسْنَ farrasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَرِّسُ ʔufarrisu	تُفَرِّسُ tufarrisu	يُفَرِّسُ yufarrisu		تُفَرِّسَانِ tufarrisāni	يُفَرِّسَانِ yufarrisāni		نُفَرِّسُ nufarrisu	تُفَرِّسُونَ tufarrisūna	يُفَرِّسُونَ yufarrisūna
	f		تُفَرِّسِينَ tufarrisīna	تُفَرِّسُ tufarrisu			تُفَرِّسَانِ tufarrisāni			تُفَرِّسْنَ tufarrisna	يُفَرِّسْنَ yufarrisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَرِّسَ ʔufarrisa	تُفَرِّسَ tufarrisa	يُفَرِّسَ yufarrisa		تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā	يُفَرِّسَا yufarrisā		نُفَرِّسَ nufarrisa	تُفَرِّسُوا tufarrisū	يُفَرِّسُوا yufarrisū
	f		تُفَرِّسِي tufarrisī	تُفَرِّسَ tufarrisa			تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā			تُفَرِّسْنَ tufarrisna	يُفَرِّسْنَ yufarrisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَرِّسْ ʔufarris	تُفَرِّسْ tufarris	يُفَرِّسْ yufarris		تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā	يُفَرِّسَا yufarrisā		نُفَرِّسْ nufarris	تُفَرِّسُوا tufarrisū	يُفَرِّسُوا yufarrisū
	f		تُفَرِّسِي tufarrisī	تُفَرِّسْ tufarris			تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā			تُفَرِّسْنَ tufarrisna	يُفَرِّسْنَ yufarrisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		فَرِّسْ farris			فَرِّسَا farrisā				فَرِّسُوا farrisū
	f		فَرِّسِي farrisī							فَرِّسْنَ farrisna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فُرِّسْتُ furristu	فُرِّسْتَ furrista	فُرِّسَ furrisa		فُرِّسْتُمَا furristumā	فُرِّسَا furrisā		فُرِّسْنَا furrisnā	فُرِّسْتُمْ furristum	فُرِّسُوا furrisū
	f		فُرِّسْتِ furristi	فُرِّسَتْ furrisat			فُرِّسَتَا furrisatā			فُرِّسْتُنَّ furristunna	فُرِّسْنَ furrisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَرَّسُ ʔufarrasu	تُفَرَّسُ tufarrasu	يُفَرَّسُ yufarrasu		تُفَرَّسَانِ tufarrasāni	يُفَرَّسَانِ yufarrasāni		نُفَرَّسُ nufarrasu	تُفَرَّسُونَ tufarrasūna	يُفَرَّسُونَ yufarrasūna
	f		تُفَرَّسِينَ tufarrasīna	تُفَرَّسُ tufarrasu			تُفَرَّسَانِ tufarrasāni			تُفَرَّسْنَ tufarrasna	يُفَرَّسْنَ yufarrasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَرَّسَ ʔufarrasa	تُفَرَّسَ tufarrasa	يُفَرَّسَ yufarrasa		تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā	يُفَرَّسَا yufarrasā		نُفَرَّسَ nufarrasa	تُفَرَّسُوا tufarrasū	يُفَرَّسُوا yufarrasū
	f		تُفَرَّسِي tufarrasī	تُفَرَّسَ tufarrasa			تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā			تُفَرَّسْنَ tufarrasna	يُفَرَّسْنَ yufarrasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَرَّسْ ʔufarras	تُفَرَّسْ tufarras	يُفَرَّسْ yufarras		تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā	يُفَرَّسَا yufarrasā		نُفَرَّسْ nufarras	تُفَرَّسُوا tufarrasū	يُفَرَّسُوا yufarrasū
	f		تُفَرَّسِي tufarrasī	تُفَرَّسْ tufarras			تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā			تُفَرَّسْنَ tufarrasna	يُفَرَّسْنَ yufarrasna

Noun

فُرْس • (furs) m (collective, singulative فَارِسِيّ m (fārisiyy))

1. Persians

Declension

Declension of noun فُرْس (furs)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فُرْس furs	الْفُرْس al-furs	فُرْس furs
nominative	فُرْسٌ fursun	الْفُرْسُ al-fursu	فُرْسُ fursu
accusative	فُرْسًا fursan	الْفُرْسَ al-fursa	فُرْسَ fursa
genitive	فُرْسٍ fursin	الْفُرْسِ al-fursi	فُرْسِ fursi

Related terms

• فَارِس (fāris)

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic فَرَس (faras).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [fa.ˈɾas]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fä.ɾǽs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fä.ɾǽs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [fä.ɾǽs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [fä.ɾǽs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [fæ.ɹǽs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [fä.ɾǽs]

Readings
Classical reading?	faras
Dari reading?	faras
Iranian reading?	faras
Tajik reading?	faras

Noun

فرس • (faras) (plural افراس (afrâs))

1. (literary) horse

   Synonym: اسب (asb)

   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 102:

     دور از رکاب او شرفی بس که گه گهی
     گردی رسد بدیده ز راه فرس مرا

     dūr az rikāb-i ō šarafē bas ki gah gahē
     gardē rasad ba-dīda zi rāh-i faras ma-rā

     Far away from her saddle, the honor is enough that from time to time,
     A mote of dust reaches my eyes from the road of her horse.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic فُرْس (furs).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [fuɾs]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fʊɹs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fʊɹs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [fʊɹs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [fuɹs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [foɹs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [fuɹs]

Readings
Classical reading?	furs
Dari reading?	furs
Iranian reading?	fors
Tajik reading?	furs

Noun

فرس • (fors) (literary)

1. the Persians, the Iranians (as a whole); Iran, Persia

   Synonyms: فارس‌ها (fârs-hâ), ایرانیان (irâniyân), عجم (ajam)

2. the Persian language; mainly in فرس قدیم (fors-e qadim, “Old Persian, ancient Persian language”).

   Synonyms: فارسی (fârsi), پارسی (pârsi), دری (dari)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “فرس”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic فَرَس (faras).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fa.ras/, [ˈfa.ras]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

فرس • (faras) m (plural أفراس (ʔafrās))

1. mare

Derived terms

• فرس النهر (faras in-nahr, “hippo”)

See also

• حصان (ḥsān, “horse”)

Etymology 2

From Arabic فُرْس (furs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /furs/, [fʊrs]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

فرس • (furs) pl

1. plural of فارسي (fārsi, “Persian”)

Adjective

فرس • (furs)

1. plural of فارسي (fārsi, “Persian”)