ܚܒܪܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Root
ܚ ܒ ܪ (ḥ b r)
5 terms

Etymology 1

From Aramaic חַבְרָא (ḥaḇrā); related to Hebrew חָבֵר (khavér).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xoːrɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [xoːrˤɑː]
• (Tyari) IPA^(key): [xaw.rɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [xavːrɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ • (ḥaḇrā) m (plural ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥaḇrawwāṯā) or ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ (ḥaḇrānē), feminine ܚܒ݂ܲܪܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥḇarṯā) or ܚܲܒ݂ܪܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥaḇrṯā))

1. friend

   ܒܘܼܫܸܠ ܠܝܼ ܐ݇ܟ݂ܵܠ݇ܪܲܡܫܵܐ ܓܘܼܪܵܐ ܩܵܐ ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܝܼ ܐܸܕܠܲܝܠܹܐ.

   būšil lī ḵāramšā gūrā qā ḥaḇrāwātī idlaylē.

   I cooked a big dinner for my friends tonight.

2. boyfriend (male partner in an unmarried romantic relationship)

   ܐܵܢܵܐ ܘܚܲܒ݂ܪܝܼ ܐ݇ܙܝܼܠ ܠܲܢ ܠܒܹܝܬ ܚܸܙܘܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܬܸܡܲܠ.

   ānā w-ḥaḇrī zīl lan l-bēt ḥizwānē timmal.

   My boyfriend and I went to the cinema yesterday.

3. fellow, associate, companion, comrade

Usage notes

When used in the possessive by females, the meaning is “boyfriend,” so a loanword or the native ܪܵܚܡܵܐ (rāḥmā) is used instead when communicating “friend.”

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (ḥaḇrā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܝܼ (ḥaḇrī)		ܚܲܒ݂ܪܲܢ (ḥaḇran)
	construct	ܚܒ݂ܲܪ (ḥḇar)	2nd person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܘܼܟ݂ (ḥaḇrūḵ)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥaḇrāḵ)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaḇrāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (ḥaḇrā)	3rd person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܹܗ (ḥaḇrēh)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܗ̇ (ḥaḇrāh)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܗܘܿܢ (ḥaḇrhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܝܼ (ḥaḇrāwātī)		ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܲܢ (ḥaḇrāwātan)
	construct	ܚܲܒ݂ܪܲܝ (ḥaḇray)	2nd person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܘܼܟ݂ (ḥaḇrāwātūḵ)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥaḇrāwātāḵ)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaḇrāwātāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܹܐ (ḥaḇrāwātē)	3rd person	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܘܼܗܝ (ḥaḇrāwātūh)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܘܿܗ̇ (ḥaḇrāwātōh)	ܚܲܒ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬܗܘܿܢ (ḥaḇrāwāthōn)

Synonyms

• (friend): ܪܵܚܡܵܐ (rāḥmā), ܝܲܕܝܼܕܵܐ (yadīdā), ܕܵܘܣܬ (dāwst)

Derived terms

• ܚܲܒ݂ܪܘܼܬܵܐ (ḥaḇrūtā, “friendship”)

Etymology 2

From Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xab.rɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܒܪܵܐ • (ḥabrā) m (plural ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ (ḥabrānē))

1. word, lyric

   Synonyms: ܡܸܠܬܵܐ (miltā), ܗܹܡܸܙܡܵܢ (hēmizmān)

   ܠܵܐ ܗܲܡܸܢܸܬ ܠܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ ܕܫܡܝܼܥ ܠܘܼܟ݂

   lā hamminit l-ḥabrānē d-šmīˁ lūḵ

   Do not believe the words that you have heard.

   ܠܹܐ ܝܵܕܥܹܢ ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ ܕܗ̇ܝ ܙܡܵܪܬܵܐ

   lē yādˁēn ḥabrānē d-aya zmārtā

   I do not know the lyrics of this song.

2. report, message

   Synonym: ܛܸܒܵܐ (ṭibbā)

3. experience

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܒܪܵܐ (ḥabrā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܲܒܪܝܼ (ḥabrī)		ܚܲܒܪܲܢ (ḥabran)
	construct	ܚܲܒܪ (ḥabr)	2nd person	ܚܲܒܪܘܼܟ݂ (ḥabrūḵ)	ܚܲܒܪܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥabrāḵ)	ܚܲܒܪܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥabrāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒܪܵܐ (ḥabrā)	3rd person	ܚܲܒܪܹܗ (ḥabrēh)	ܚܲܒܪܘܿܗ̇ (ḥabrōh)	ܚܲܒܪܗܘܿܢ (ḥabrhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܝܼ (ḥabrānī)		ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܲܢ (ḥabrānan)
	construct	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܲܝ (ḥabray)	2nd person	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܘܼܟ݂ (ḥabrānūḵ)	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥabrānāḵ)	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥabrānāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ (ḥabrānē)	3rd person	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܘܼܗܝ (ḥabrānūh)	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܘܿܗ̇ (ḥabrānōh)	ܚܲܒܪ̈ܵܢܗܘܿܢ (ḥabrānhōn)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xab.bɑːrɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħab.bɑːrɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܒܵܪܵܐ • (ḥabbārā) m (plural ܚܲܒܵܪܹ̈ܐ (ḥabbārē), feminine ܚܲܒܵܪܬܵܐ (ḥabbārtā))

1. conjurer
2. charmer, enchanter
3. exorcist

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܒܵܪܵܐ (ḥabbārā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܲܒܵܪܝܼ (ḥabbārī)		ܚܲܒܵܪܲܢ (ḥabbāran)
	construct	ܚܲܒܵܪ (ḥabbār)	2nd person	ܚܲܒܵܪܘܼܟ݂ (ḥabbārūḵ)	ܚܲܒܵܪܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥabbārāḵ)	ܚܲܒܵܪܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥabbārāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒܵܪܵܐ (ḥabbārā)	3rd person	ܚܲܒܵܪܹܗ (ḥabbārēh)	ܚܲܒܵܪܵܗ̇ (ḥabbārāh)	ܚܲܒܵܪܗܘܿܢ (ḥabbārhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܝܼ (ḥabbārī)		ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܲܢ (ḥabbāran)
	construct	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܲܝ (ḥabbāray)	2nd person	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܘܼܟ݂ (ḥabbārūḵ)	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥabbārāḵ)	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥabbārāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܒܵܪܹ̈ܐ (ḥabbārē)	3rd person	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܘܼܗܝ (ḥabbārūh)	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥabbārōh)	ܚܲܒܵܪ̈ܗܘܿܢ (ḥabbārhōn)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܚ-ܒ-ܪ (ḥ-b-r) related to companionship. Compare Hebrew חָבֵר (ḥāḇḗr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħavrɑ] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħavre] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܒܪܐ • (ḥaḇrā) m (plural ܚܒܪܐ (ḥaḇrē), singular feminine counterpart ܚܒܪܬܐ (ḥḇarṯā))

1. friend, companion, mate, comrade
2. neighbor/neighbour, fellow, peer
3. equivalent, equal
4. alternate, other, another

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܒܪܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܒܪ	ܚܒܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܒܪ	ܚܒܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ	ܚܒܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܒܪܝ	ܚܒܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܒܪܟ	ܚܒܪܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܝ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܒܪܢ	ܚܒܪܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܝܢ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܒܪܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܒܪܗܝܢ	ܚܒܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

From the root ܚ-ܒ-ܪ (ḥ-b-r) related to fixing the eyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħabbɑrɑ] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħabbɑre] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܒܪܐ • (ḥabbārā) m (plural ܚܒܪܐ (ḥabbārē))

1. conjurer
2. charmer, enchanter
3. exorcist

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܒܪܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܒܪ	ܚܒܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܒܪ	ܚܒܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ	ܚܒܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܒܪܝ	ܚܒܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܒܪܟ	ܚܒܪܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܝ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܒܪܢ	ܚܒܪܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܝܢ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܒܪܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܒܪܗܝܢ	ܚܒܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħabbɑrɑ] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħabbɑre] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܒܪܐ • (ḥabbārā) m (plural ܚܒܪܐ (ḥabbārē))

1. darkness
2. hole, deep pit, abyss
3. (figuratively) pitfall

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܒܪܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܒܪ	ܚܒܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܒܪ	ܚܒܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ	ܚܒܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܒܪܝ	ܚܒܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܒܪܟ	ܚܒܪܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܝ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܒܪܗ	ܚܒܪܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܒܪܢ	ܚܒܪܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܝܢ	ܚܒܪܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܒܪܗܘܢ	ܚܒܪܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܒܪܗܝܢ	ܚܒܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 4

from the root ܚ-ܒ-ܪ (ḥ-b-r) related to darkness.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛvrɑ]

Noun

ܚܒܪܐ • (ḥeḇrā) m (uncountable)

1. ink

Inflection

    declension of ܚܒܪܐ

state	singular (uncountable)
absolute	ܚܒܪ
construct	ܚܒܪ
emphatic	ܚܒܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܒܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܒܪܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܒܪܗ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܒܪܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܒܪܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܒܪܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܒܪܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܒܪܗܝܢ

Synonyms

• ܕܝܘܬܐ (dyōṯā)

Descendants

• → Arabic: حِبْر (ḥibr)

References

• “ḥbr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥbr⁵”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥbr⁶”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥbr⁷”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 95a, b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 125a, 625a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 410a