See also: جبر, چتر, خبر, خبز, and چپر

Arabic

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Root
ح ب ر (ḥ b r)
7 terms

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܚܒܪܐ (ḥeḇrā, ink), from the root ܚ-ܒ-ܪ (ḥ-b-r) related to darkness. Merged with the root ح ب ر (ḥ-b-r).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ħibr/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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حِبْر (ḥibrm (plural أَحْبَار (ʔaḥbār))

  1. ink
    Synonyms: مِدَاد (midād), نِقْس (niqs)
    Holonyms: مِحْبَرَة (miḥbara), دَوَاة (dawāh)
  2. beauty
Declension
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Etymology 2

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Senses related to ink, writing, and discoloration are from Etymology 1 (see above).

Verb

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حَبَرَ (ḥabara) I (non-past يَحْبُرُ (yaḥburu), verbal noun حَبْر (ḥabr) or حُبُور (ḥubūr)) (transitive)

  1. to make happy; to elate
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ar:make happy
    Hyponyms: كَرَّمَ (karrama), نَعَّمَ (naʕʕama), رَفَّهَ (raffaha), أَرَاحَ (ʔarāḥa)
  2. to ink, to fill, cover, smear, mark, write, draw, illustrate, or outline with ink
    1. to write
      Synonyms: كَتَبَ (kataba), نَمَقَ (namaqa)
  3. (dated) to improve the overall quality of (a text, a performance, a skill, and so on), to refine, to polish; to perfect
    Synonym: حَسَّنَ (ḥassana)
  4. (dated) to improve the shape, form, style, structure, or composition of (handwriting, voice, and so on), to beautify; to embellish; to pretty
    Synonym: جَمَّلَ (jammala)
    1. to improve in aspect or appearance, to make visually pleasing, to deck, to decorate, to ornament
      Synonyms: زَيَّنَ (zayyana), نَمَّقَ (nammaqa), زَوَّقَ (zawwaqa)
    2. to pattern (a garment); to embroider
      Synonyms: نَقَشَ (naqaša), طَرَّزَ (ṭarraza), وَشَّى (waššā)
Conjugation
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Verb

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حَبِرَ (ḥabira) I (non-past يَحْبَرُ (yaḥbaru), verbal noun حَبَر (ḥabar)) (intransitive)

  1. to be or become glad or happy, to cheer up, to brighten
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ar:become happy
  2. (of teeth) to become discolored (as if stained with ink), to become dark, to yellow
Conjugation
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Noun

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حَبْر (ḥabrm

  1. verbal noun of حَبَرَ (ḥabara) (form I)
Declension
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Etymology 3

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Denominal verb of حِبْر (ḥibr, ink). Senses related to improvement, perfection, and embellishment are from or influenced by the root ح ب ر (ḥ-b-r) (see above).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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حَبَّرَ (ḥabbara) II (non-past يُحَبِّرُ (yuḥabbiru), verbal noun تَحْبِير (taḥbīr)) (transitive)

  1. to ink, to fill, cover, smear, mark, write, draw, illustrate, or outline with ink
    1. to write (especially in an elegant style), to compose
      Synonym: نَمَّقَ (nammaqa)
  2. (dated) to better or improve in quality, appearance, etc. to enhance; to polish up; to perfect
    1. (dated) to prettify; to bedeck, to adorn
Conjugation
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Etymology 4

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Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew חָבֵר (ḥɔḇer, comrade) in a specific meaning as used for sectarian cadres. Merged with Etymology 3 by analogy with the use of ink by religious clerks and scribes, hence "a man of learning", hence "a scholarly theologian", hence "an authority in matters of religion".

Pronunciation

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Noun

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حَبْر or حِبْر (ḥabr or ḥibrm (plural أَحْبَار (ʔaḥbār)) (countable)

  1. (broadly) a scholar (especially one that is highly regarded and respected by a certain group and is deemed to be an authority)
    1. (with ال (al-, the)) the Scholar (one of the titles and designations of Ibn Abbas, one of companions of Muhammad)
  2. (religion, chiefly Abrahamism) a well-versed religious scribe; a learned theologian; a religious authority
    1. (Christianity) a bishop
      Synonym: أُسْقُف (ʔusquf)
    2. (Judaism) a rabbi
      Synonyms: حَاخَام (ḥāḵām), حَكِيم (ḥakīm)
    3. (Islam) an esteemed authoritative theologian, an imam
      Synonyms: إِمَام (ʔimām), مَرْجَع (marjaʕ), مُقَلَّد (muqallad)
Declension
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References

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  • Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[1] (in German), volume 84, page 20
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 247
  • Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik[2] (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 61
  • Geiger, Abraham (1833, 1902) Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? (in German), 2nd edition, Leipzig: M. W. Kaufmann, page 48

Gulf Arabic

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Etymology

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From Arabic حِبْر (ḥibr).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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حبر (ḥibirm (before il- حِبْر (ḥibr), plural احبار (aḥbār))

  1. ink

Hijazi Arabic

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Root
ح ب ر
2 terms

Etymology

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From Arabic حِبْر (ḥibr).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ħi.bir/, [ħɪ.bɪr]

Noun

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حبر (ḥibirm (construct state حِبْر (ḥibr), plural أحبار (ʔaḥbār))

  1. ink