支那
Chinese
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zi1 naa4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Chṳ̂-na
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Chi-ná
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsy-na
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄋㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Jhihnà
- Wade–Giles: Chih1-na4
- Yale: Jr̄-nà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jynah
- Palladius: Чжина (Čžina)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi1 naa4
- Yale: jī nàh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi1 naa4
- Guangdong Romanization: ji1 na4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chṳ̂-na
- Hakka Romanization System: ziiˊ na
- Hagfa Pinyim: zi1 na4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsye na
Etymology 1
editphonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (支那) |
支 | 那 | |
alternative forms | 脂那 至那 芝那 |
From Sanskrit चीन (cīna), which in turn is likely from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin),[1][2] but other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉/晋 (jìn, “Jin”) < Middle Chinese 晉 (t͡siɪnH) < Old Chinese 晉 (*ʔsins) (Zhengzhang, 2006), 荊/荆 (jīng, “Jing”),[3] or the Zina of 夜郎 (Yèláng, “Yelang”).[3] Cognate with English China. See "Names of China", "Chinas" and "Shina (word)" at Wikipedia.
Proper noun
edit支那
- (originally neutral, now derogatory and offensive) China
- 支那曩者苦滿清虐政,國民共起革專制為共和。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1914, Sun Yat-sen, 《致日本首相大隈重信勸助中國革命函》
- Zhīnà nǎng zhě kǔ Mǎnqīng nüèzhèng, guómín gòng qǐ gé zhuānzhì wèi gònghé. [Pinyin]
- China suffered from the Manchurian Qing tyranny in the past, and so the people of the nation rose up, overthrew the autocrat and established the republic.
支那曩者苦满清虐政,国民共起革专制为共和。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Usage notes
edit- Originally used in ancient Indian records and some Chinese Buddhist texts. This term was popular in China as a neutral word after the Meiji Restoration, but became derogatory and offensive during and after the Second Sino-Japanese War due to its association with Japanese war crimes. Now it is usually only used in some technical terms, such as 印度支那 (Yìndù-Zhīnà, “Indochina”) and 交趾支那 (Jiāozhǐ-Zhīnà, “Cochinchina”), or by Hong Kong and Taiwan independence activists as a deliberate slur for mainland China.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
edit- 震旦 (Zhèndàn)
Descendants
editSee also
editEtymology 2
editphonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (支那) |
支 | 那 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun
edit支那
References
edit- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “支那” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
Further reading
edit- 支那 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia zh
- Shina (word) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
支 | 那 |
し Grade: 5 |
な Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 支那 (MC tsye na), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit चीन (cīna), itself likely deriving from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin), the name of the Qin Dynasty and the Qin state.
Pronunciation
editProper noun
edit- (prewar, often considered derogatory, offensive in modern speech, ethnic slur) China
- (offensive, ethnic slur) Ryukyuan people[1]
Usage notes
editThe kanji spelling 支那 was more common historically, and is still encountered with some frequency when this word is used. Modern usage includes シナ in katakana. However, this term as a whole is used less frequently than in the past, due to changes in geopolitics and the use of this word as an ethnic slur.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Police officer dispatched from Osaka insults protesters in Okinawa, The Japan Times
Korean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
支 | 那 |
Proper noun
editVietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
支 | 那 |
Proper noun
edit支那
- Chinese lemmas
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- Chinese terms spelled with 支
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- Chinese terms borrowed from Sanskrit
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- zh:Townships
- zh:Places in Yunnan
- zh:Places in China
- zh:Buddhism
- zh:Derogatory names for countries
- Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese
- Japanese terms spelled with 支 read as し
- Japanese terms spelled with 那 read as な
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Japanese terms derived from Old Chinese
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