भूत

See also: भीति, भृति, भींत, and भाति

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भूत (bhūta, “become, been, past; any being, spirit, demon”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /bʱuːt̪/

Noun

भूत • (bhūt) m (Urdu spelling بھوت)

1. ghost, spirit
2. (figurative) an ugly man

Declension

Declension of भूत (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	भूत bhūt	भूत bhūt
oblique	भूत bhūt	भूतों bhūtõ
vocative	भूत bhūt	भूतो bhūto

Synonyms

• (ghost): प्रेत (pret)
• पिशाच (piśāc, “flesh eating demons”)
• वेताल (vetāl, “spirits inhabiting corpses and charnel ground”)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhūtá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Konkani

Noun

भूत • (bhūt) m (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)

1. ghost

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भूत (bhūta, “become, been, past; any being, spirit, demon”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bʱut̪/, [bʱuːt̪]

Noun

भूत • (bhūt) n

1. ghost, spirit
2. a common term for the five basic elements
3. (grammar) a suffix (for been, become, entered into and standing in the state of.)

Declension

Declension of भूत (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	भूत bhūt
direct plural	भूते, भूतं bhūte, bhūta
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	भूत bhūt		भूते, भूतं bhūte, bhūta
oblique सामान्यरूप	भूता bhūtā		भूतां- bhūtān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	भूताला bhūtālā		भूतांना bhūtānnā
ergative	भूताने, भूतानं bhūtāne, bhūtāna		भूतांनी bhūtānnī
instrumental	भूताशी bhūtāśī		भूतांशी bhūtānśī
locative सप्तमी	भूतात bhūtāt		भूतांत bhūtāt
vocative संबोधन	भूता bhūtā		भूतांनो bhūtānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of भूत (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	भूताचा bhūtāċā	भूताचे bhūtāċe	भूताची bhūtācī	भूताच्या bhūtācā	भूताचे, भूताचं bhūtāċe, bhūtāċa	भूताची bhūtācī	भूताच्या bhūtācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	भूतांचा bhūtānċā	भूतांचे bhūtānċe	भूतांची bhūtāñcī	भूतांच्या bhūtāncā	भूतांचे, भूतांचं bhūtānċe, bhūtānċa	भूतांची bhūtāñcī	भूतांच्या bhūtāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “भूत”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “भूत”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• bhūta (Latin script)
• 𑀪𑀽𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• ভূত (Bengali script)
• භූත (Sinhalese script)
• ဘူတ or ꧤူတ (Burmese script)
• ภูต or ภูตะ (Thai script)
• ᨽᩪᨲ (Tai Tham script)
• ຠູຕ or ຠູຕະ or ພູຕະ (Lao script)
• ភូត (Khmer script)
• 𑄞𑄫𑄖 (Chakma script)

Adjective

भूत

1. Devanagari script form of bhūta (“genuine”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतो (bhūto)	भूता (bhūtā)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूते (bhūte)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेन (bhūtena)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa) or भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतत्थं (bhūtatthaṃ)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतस्मा (bhūtasmā) or भूतम्हा (bhūtamhā) or भूता (bhūtā)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतस्मिं (bhūtasmiṃ) or भूतम्हि (bhūtamhi) or भूते (bhūte)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूत (bhūta)	भूता (bhūtā)

Declension table of "भूता" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूता (bhūtā)	भूतायो (bhūtāyo) or भूता (bhūtā)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतायो (bhūtāyo) or भूता (bhūtā)
Instrumental (third)	भूताय (bhūtāya)	भूताहि (bhūtāhi) or भूताभि (bhūtābhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूताय (bhūtāya)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूताय (bhūtāya)	भूताहि (bhūtāhi) or भूताभि (bhūtābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूताय (bhūtāya)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतायं (bhūtāyaṃ)	भूतासु (bhūtāsu)
Vocative (calling)	भूते (bhūte)	भूतायो (bhūtāyo) or भूता (bhūtā)

Declension table of "भूत" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेन (bhūtena)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa) or भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतत्थं (bhūtatthaṃ)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतस्मा (bhūtasmā) or भूतम्हा (bhūtamhā) or भूता (bhūtā)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतस्मिं (bhūtasmiṃ) or भूतम्हि (bhūtamhi) or भूते (bhūte)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूत (bhūta)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)

Noun

भूत m

1. Devanagari script form of bhūta (“beings”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूता (bhūtā)
Accusative (second)	भूते (bhūte)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूता (bhūtā)

Noun

भूत n

1. Devanagari script form of bhūta (“nature”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Accusative (second)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)

Noun

भूत m

1. Devanagari script form of bhūta (“supernatural being”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतो (bhūto)	भूता (bhūtā)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूते (bhūte)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेन (bhūtena)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa) or भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतत्थं (bhūtatthaṃ)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतस्मा (bhūtasmā) or भूतम्हा (bhūtamhā) or भूता (bhūtā)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतस्मिं (bhūtasmiṃ) or भूतम्हि (bhūtamhi) or भूते (bhūte)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूत (bhūta)	भूता (bhūtā)

Noun

भूत n

1. Devanagari script form of bhūta (“truth”)

Declension

Declension table of "भूत" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Accusative (second)	भूतं (bhūtaṃ)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)
Instrumental (third)	भूतेन (bhūtena)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa) or भूताय (bhūtāya) or भूतत्थं (bhūtatthaṃ)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भूतस्मा (bhūtasmā) or भूतम्हा (bhūtamhā) or भूता (bhūtā)	भूतेहि (bhūtehi) or भूतेभि (bhūtebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भूतस्स (bhūtassa)	भूतानं (bhūtānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भूतस्मिं (bhūtasmiṃ) or भूतम्हि (bhūtamhi) or भूते (bhūte)	भूतेसु (bhūtesu)
Vocative (calling)	भूत (bhūta)	भूतानि (bhūtāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ভূত (Assamese script)
• ᬪᬹᬢ (Balinese script)
• ভূত (Bengali script)
• 𑰥𑰳𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀪𑀽𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• ဘူတ (Burmese script)
• ભૂત (Gujarati script)
• ਭੂਤ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌭𑍂𑌤 (Grantha script)
• ꦨꦹꦠ (Javanese script)
• 𑂦𑂴𑂞 (Kaithi script)
• ಭೂತ (Kannada script)
• ភូត (Khmer script)
• ຠູຕ (Lao script)
• ഭൂത (Malayalam script)
• ᢨᡠᡠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘥𑘴𑘝 (Modi script)
• ᠪᠾᠤᠤᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧅𑧕𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐨𑐹𑐟 (Newa script)
• ଭୂତ (Odia script)
• ꢩꢹꢡ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆨𑆷𑆠 (Sharada script)
• 𑖥𑖳𑖝 (Siddham script)
• භූත (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩳𑩒𑩛𑩫 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚡𑚱𑚙 (Takri script)
• பூ⁴த (Tamil script)
• భూత (Telugu script)
• ภูต (Thai script)
• བྷཱུ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒦𑒴𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨡𑨃𑨊𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuHtás

Sanskrit भूत (bhūta)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuHtás (“become, been”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-tó-s, past participle of *bʰuH- (“to be”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬏𐬙𐬀 (būta, “become, been”), Old Irish both (“been”), Ancient Greek φῠτός (phutós), Lithuanian būtas. The Sanskrit root is भू (bhū).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱuː.tɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈbʱuː.t̪ɐ/

Participle

भूत • (bhūtá)

1. past participle of भू (bhū); been

Adjective

भूत • (bhūtá) stem

1. become, been
2. past
3. happened, true, real

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of भूत (bhūtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भूतः bhūtáḥ	भूतौ / भूता¹ bhūtaú / bhūtā́¹	भूताः / भूतासः¹ bhūtā́ḥ / bhūtā́saḥ¹
Vocative	भूत bhū́ta	भूतौ / भूता¹ bhū́tau / bhū́tā¹	भूताः / भूतासः¹ bhū́tāḥ / bhū́tāsaḥ¹
Accusative	भूतम् bhūtám	भूतौ / भूता¹ bhūtaú / bhūtā́¹	भूतान् bhūtā́n
Instrumental	भूतेन bhūténa	भूताभ्याम् bhūtā́bhyām	भूतैः / भूतेभिः¹ bhūtaíḥ / bhūtébhiḥ¹
Dative	भूताय bhūtā́ya	भूताभ्याम् bhūtā́bhyām	भूतेभ्यः bhūtébhyaḥ
Ablative	भूतात् bhūtā́t	भूताभ्याम् bhūtā́bhyām	भूतेभ्यः bhūtébhyaḥ
Genitive	भूतस्य bhūtásya	भूतयोः bhūtáyoḥ	भूतानाम् bhūtā́nām
Locative	भूते bhūté	भूतयोः bhūtáyoḥ	भूतेषु bhūtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of भूता (bhūtā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भूता bhūtā́	भूते bhūté	भूताः bhūtā́ḥ
Vocative	भूते bhū́te	भूते bhū́te	भूताः bhū́tāḥ
Accusative	भूताम् bhūtā́m	भूते bhūté	भूताः bhūtā́ḥ
Instrumental	भूतया / भूता¹ bhūtáyā / bhūtā́¹	भूताभ्याम् bhūtā́bhyām	भूताभिः bhūtā́bhiḥ
Dative	भूतायै bhūtā́yai	भूताभ्याम् bhūtā́bhyām	भूताभ्यः bhūtā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	भूतायाः / भूतायै² bhūtā́yāḥ / bhūtā́yai²	भूताभ्याम् bhūtā́bhyām	भूताभ्यः bhūtā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	भूतायाः / भूतायै² bhūtā́yāḥ / bhūtā́yai²	भूतयोः bhūtáyoḥ	भूतानाम् bhūtā́nām
Locative	भूतायाम् bhūtā́yām	भूतयोः bhūtáyoḥ	भूतासु bhūtā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of भूत (bhūtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भूतम् bhūtám	भूते bhūté	भूतानि / भूता¹ bhūtā́ni / bhūtā́¹
Vocative	भूत bhū́ta	भूते bhū́te	भूतानि / भूता¹ bhū́tāni / bhū́tā¹
Accusative	भूतम् bhūtám	भूते bhūté	भूतानि / भूता¹ bhūtā́ni / bhūtā́¹
Instrumental	भूतेन bhūténa	भूताभ्याम् bhūtā́bhyām	भूतैः / भूतेभिः¹ bhūtaíḥ / bhūtébhiḥ¹
Dative	भूताय bhūtā́ya	भूताभ्याम् bhūtā́bhyām	भूतेभ्यः bhūtébhyaḥ
Ablative	भूतात् bhūtā́t	भूताभ्याम् bhūtā́bhyām	भूतेभ्यः bhūtébhyaḥ
Genitive	भूतस्य bhūtásya	भूतयोः bhūtáyoḥ	भूतानाम् bhūtā́nām
Locative	भूते bhūté	भूतयोः bhūtáyoḥ	भूतेषु bhūtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• भूतकाल (bhūtakāla)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀪𑀼𑀢 (*bhuta /⁠bhūta⁠/), *𑀳𑀼𑀢 (*huta /⁠hūta⁠/) (attested in compounds)
  • Prakrit:

    Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀪𑀽𑀤 (bhūda)

    Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀽𑀅 (hūa)

    Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀨𑀽𑀢 (phūta)

    Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀪𑀽𑀤 (bhūda)

    • Hindi: हुआ (huā)
• Gandhari: 𐨧𐨂𐨡 (bhuda)
• Pali: bhūta

Noun

भूत • (bhūtá) stem, n

1. living being, anything that is or exists
2. the world
3. "that which has been (in the past)"; a ghost of a dead person, a spirit
4. demon, imp, goblin

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of भूत (bhūta)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भूतम् bhūtam	भूते bhūte	भूतानि / भूता¹ bhūtāni / bhūtā¹
Vocative	भूत bhūta	भूते bhūte	भूतानि / भूता¹ bhūtāni / bhūtā¹
Accusative	भूतम् bhūtam	भूते bhūte	भूतानि / भूता¹ bhūtāni / bhūtā¹
Instrumental	भूतेन bhūtena	भूताभ्याम् bhūtābhyām	भूतैः / भूतेभिः¹ bhūtaiḥ / bhūtebhiḥ¹
Dative	भूताय bhūtāya	भूताभ्याम् bhūtābhyām	भूतेभ्यः bhūtebhyaḥ
Ablative	भूतात् bhūtāt	भूताभ्याम् bhūtābhyām	भूतेभ्यः bhūtebhyaḥ
Genitive	भूतस्य bhūtasya	भूतयोः bhūtayoḥ	भूतानाम् bhūtānām
Locative	भूते bhūte	भूतयोः bhūtayoḥ	भूतेषु bhūteṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: bhūta
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀪𑀽𑀅 (bhūa)
  • Bengali: ভুয়া (bhuẏa)
• → Assamese: ভূত (bhut)
• → Bengali: ভূত (bhut)
• → Gujarati: ભૂત (bhūt)
• → Hindi: भूत (bhūt)
• → Kannada: ಭೂತ (bhūta)
• → Konkani: भूत (bhūt)
• → Malay: bota
  • > Indonesian: bota (inherited)
• → Marathi: भूत (bhūt)
• → Odia: ଭୂତ (bhuta)
• → Old Javanese: bhūta
  • > Javanese: ꦧꦸꦠ (buta) (inherited)
    • → Indonesian: buta
  • → Balinese: ᬪᬹᬢ (buta)
• → Santali: ᱵᱷᱩᱛ (bhut)
• → Tamil: பூதம் (pūtam)
• → Telugu: భూతం (bhūtaṁ)
• → Thai: ภูต (pûut)
• → Urdu: بھوت (bhūt)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “भूत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 761/3.