both
EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- bothe (archaic)
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English bothe, boþe, from Old English bā þā (“both the; both those”) and Old Norse báðir, from Proto-Germanic *bai. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bee (“both”), West Frisian beide (“both”), Dutch beide (“both”), German beide (“both”), Swedish både, båda, Danish både, Norwegian både, Icelandic báðir. Replaced Middle English bō from a form of Old English bēġen.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bōth, IPA(key): /bəʊθ/
- (General American) enPR: bōth, IPA(key): /boʊθ/
- (nonstandard US) enPR: bōlth, IPA(key): /boʊlθ/
- (Philadelphia), IPA(key): [bɜʊ̯θ]
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊθ
DeterminerEdit
both
- Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.
- Both children are such dolls.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 21:27:
- Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant.
- 1717, Viscount Bolingbroke, Reflexions upon Exile
- He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both.
Usage notesEdit
This word does not come between a possessive and its head noun. Say both of my hands or both my hands, not *my both hands. Say, both the king's horses, not *the king's both horses.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
each of two; one and the other
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PronounEdit
both
- Each of the two, or of the two kinds.
- "Did you want this one or that one?" — "Give me both."
- They were both here.
- 2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:
- Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.
ConjunctionEdit
both
- Including both of (used with and).
- Both you and I are students.
- 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:
- Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. There was a great deal of them, lavish both in material and in workmanship.
- (obsolete) Including all of (used with and).
- 1766 March, [Oliver Goldsmith], The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], OCLC 938500648:
- Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound.
- 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
- He prayeth well who loveth well both man and bird and beast.
- 1892, Richard Congreve, Essays Political, Social, and Religious (volume 2, page 615)
- […] as he appreciates its beauty and its rich gifts, as he regards it with venerant love, fed by both his intellectual powers, his contemplation, and his meditation.
TranslationsEdit
both...and...
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QuotationsEdit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:both.
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish both (“hut, cabin”), from Proto-Celtic *butā (compare Middle Welsh bot (“dwelling”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be”). Related to English booth.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
both f (genitive singular botha, nominative plural bothanna or botha)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of both
- Alternative declension
Declension of both
Derived termsEdit
- bothach (“hutted, full of huts”, adjective)
- bothán m (“shanty, cabin; hut, shed, coop”)
- bothchampa m (“hutment”)
- bothóg f (“shanty, cabin”)
MutationEdit
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| both | bhoth | mboth |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further readingEdit
- "both" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- Entries containing “both” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 both”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 17
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“booth”)
Etymology 2Edit
DeterminerEdit
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“both”)
PronounEdit
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“both”)
ConjunctionEdit
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“both”)
Old IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
both f (genitive buithe)
- Alternative form of buid
InflectionEdit
| Feminine ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | bothL | — | — |
| Vocative | bothL | — | — |
| Accusative | buithN | — | — |
| Genitive | buitheH | — | — |
| Dative | buithL | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
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VerbEdit
·both