both
EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- bothe (archaic)
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English bothe, boþe, from Old English bā þā (“both the; both those”) and Old Norse báðir, from Proto-Germanic *bai. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bee (“both”), West Frisian beide (“both”), Dutch beide (“both”), German beide (“both”), Swedish både, båda, Danish både, Norwegian både, Icelandic báðir. Replaced Middle English bō, from Old English bā, a form of Old English bēġen.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bōth, IPA(key): /bəʊθ/
- (General American) enPR: bōth, IPA(key): /boʊθ/
- (nonstandard US) enPR: bōlth, IPA(key): /boʊlθ/
- (Philadelphia), IPA(key): [bɜʊ̯θ]
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊθ
DeterminerEdit
both
- Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.
- Both children are such dolls.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 21:27:
- Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant.
- 1717, Viscount Bolingbroke, Reflexions upon Exile
- He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both.
Usage notesEdit
This word does not come between a possessive and its head noun. Say both of my hands or both my hands, not *my both hands. Say, both the king's horses, not *the king's both horses.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
each of two; one and the other
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PronounEdit
both
- Each of the two, or of the two kinds.
- "Did you want this one or that one?" — "Give me both."
- They were both here.
- 2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:
- Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.
ConjunctionEdit
both
- Including both of (used with and).
- Both you and I are students.
- 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:
- Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. There was a great deal of them, lavish both in material and in workmanship.
- (obsolete) Including all of (used with and).
- 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], OCLC 938500648; reprinted London: Elliot Stock, 1885, OCLC 21416084:
- Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound.
- 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
- He prayeth well who loveth well both man and bird and beast.
- 1892, Richard Congreve, Essays Political, Social, and Religious (volume 2, page 615)
- […] as he appreciates its beauty and its rich gifts, as he regards it with venerant love, fed by both his intellectual powers, his contemplation, and his meditation.
TranslationsEdit
both...and...
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QuotationsEdit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:both.
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish both (“hut, cabin”), from Proto-Celtic *butā (compare Middle Welsh bot (“dwelling”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be”). Related to English booth.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
both f (genitive singular botha, nominative plural bothanna or botha)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of both
- Alternative declension
Declension of both
Derived termsEdit
- bothach (“hutted, full of huts”, adjective)
- bothán m (“shanty, cabin; hut, shed, coop”)
- bothchampa m (“hutment”)
- bothóg f (“shanty, cabin”)
MutationEdit
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| both | bhoth | mboth |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further readingEdit
- "both" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- Entries containing “both” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 both”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 17
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“booth”)
Etymology 2Edit
DeterminerEdit
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“both”)
PronounEdit
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“both”)
ConjunctionEdit
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“both”)
Old IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
both f (genitive buithe)
- Alternative form of buith
InflectionEdit
| Feminine ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | bothL | — | — |
| Vocative | bothL | — | — |
| Accusative | buithN | — | — |
| Genitive | buitheH | — | — |
| Dative | buithL | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
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VerbEdit
·both
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
Probably ultimately from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”) (compare Proto-Slavic *gvozdь (“nail, tack, peg”)). Cognates include Cornish both (“hump, stud”), Breton bod (“bush, shrub”), Irish bod (“penis”), Manx bod (“penis”) and Manx bwoid (“penis”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
both f (plural bothau)
MutationEdit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| both | foth | moth | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
ReferencesEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “both”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies