हि

Awadhi

Etymology

From Sanskrit हि (hí).

Postposition

हि (hi)

1. marks the dative case: to, for

   जिन्हाहि ― jinhāhi ― to whom

Khaling

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swiʔ.

Noun

हि (hi)

1. blood

References

• “हि”, in खालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्‍ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International, 2016.

Newar

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swiʔ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hi]

Noun

हि • (hi) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐴𑐶)

1. blood

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• hi (Latin script)
• 𑀳𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• হি (Bengali script)
• හි (Sinhalese script)
• ဟိ or ႁိ (Burmese script)
• หิ (Thai script)
• ᩉᩥ (Tai Tham script)
• ຫິ (Lao script)
• ហិ (Khmer script)
• 𑄦𑄨 (Chakma script)

Conjunction

हि

1. Devanagari script form of hi (“because”)

Adverb

हि

1. Devanagari script form of hi (“certainly”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• হি (Assamese script)
• ᬳᬶ (Balinese script)
• হি (Bengali script)
• 𑰮𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀳𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဟိ (Burmese script)
• હિ (Gujarati script)
• ਹਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌹𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦲꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂯𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಹಿ (Kannada script)
• ហិ (Khmer script)
• ຫິ (Lao script)
• ഹി (Malayalam script)
• ᡥᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘮𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠾᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧎𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐴𑐶 (Newa script)
• ହି (Odia script)
• ꢲꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆲𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖮𑖰 (Siddham script)
• හි (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪂𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚩𑚮 (Takri script)
• ஹி (Tamil script)
• హి (Telugu script)
• หิ (Thai script)
• ཧི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒯𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨱𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to throw, drive, wound”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦi/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦi/

Root

हि • (hi)

1. to send forth, impel, urge on, hasten on
2. to stimulate or incite to

Related roots

• हिंस् (hiṃs)

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root हि (0 c, 4 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root हि (1 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• हिनोति (hinóti) (Present)
• हेष्यति (heṣyáti) (Future)
• हेता (hetā́) (Periphrastic Future)
• अहैषीत् (áhaiṣīt) (Aorist)
• अहेत् (áhet) (Aorist)
• हीयात् (hīyā́t) (Benedictive)
• जिघाय (jighā́ya) (Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• हीयते (hīyáte) (Passive)
• अहायि (áhāyi) (Passive Aorist)
• हाययति (hāyáyati) (Causative)
• अजीहयत् (ájīhayat) (Causative Aorist)
• जिघीषति (jighīṣati) (Desiderative)
• जेघीयते (jeghīyate) (Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• हित (hitá) (Past Participle)
• हेतव्य (hetavya) (Gerundive)
• हेत्व (hétva) (Gerundive)

Derived Nominal Forms

• हय (háya)
• हित्वन् (hítvan)
• हिन्व (hinvá)
• हेति (hetí)
• हेतु (hetú)
• हेतृ (hetṛ)
• हेमन् (hemán)

Prefixed Root Forms

• परिहि (parihi)
• प्रहि (prahi)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “हि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1297, 1303.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 205
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “हि”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हि”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “HAY”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 802-3
• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 245
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 174
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “424”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 424

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰí, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰí, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰí.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦí/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦi/

Particle

हि • (hí)

1. for, because, on account of (never standing first in a sentence, but generally after the first word and used enclitically, sometimes after pronouns)

   सर्वो हि पृतना जिगीषति (sárvo hí pṛ́tanā jígīṣati) — for everybody wishes to win battles

   भवान् हि प्रमाणम् (bhavān hi pramāṇam) — for your honour is the authority

   तथा हि (tathā hi) — for example; accordingly

   न हि (ná hí), नहि (nahí) — for not; not at all

2. just, pray, do (with an imperative or potential emphatically; sometimes with indicative)

   पश्यामो हि (paśyāmo hi) — we will just see

3. indeed, assuredly, surely, of course, certainly

   हि वै (hí vaí) — most assuredly

   हि – तु (hi – tu), हि – पुनर् (hi – punar) — indeed – but

4. often a mere expletive, especially to avoid a hiatus, sometimes repeated in the same sentence; hi is also said to be an interjection of "envy", "contempt", "hurry" etc.

Descendants

• → Awadhi: हि (hi)
• ⇒ Hindustani:
  • Hindi: ही (hī)
  • Urdu: ہی (hī)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “हि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1297, column 3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 814-5