to decorate; to embellish; to repair to decorate; to embellish; to repair; to build; to study; to write; to cultivate |
Germany; virtue; goodness Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favour; character; kind | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (修德/脩德) | 修/脩 | 德 | |
| simp. (修德) | 修 | 德 | |
(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "脩德".)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 修 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 息流切 | 多則切 |
| Baxter | sjuw | tok |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/sɨu/ | /tək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/siu/ | /tək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/siəu/ | /tək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/suw/ | /tək̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/siu/ | /tək̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/sĭəu/ | /tək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/si̯ə̯u/ | /tək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xiū | de |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
sau1 | dak1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 修 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xiū | dé |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ sjuw › | ‹ tok › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-liw/ | /*tˁək/ |
| English | adorn | virtue |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 修 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15475 | 17266 |
| Phonetic component |
攸 | 直 |
| Rime group |
幽 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
脩 | 德 |
| Old Chinese |
/*slɯw/ | /*tɯːɡ/ |
修德