德

See also: 徳 and 惪

德	U+5FB7, 德 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FB7

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

德 (radical 60, 彳+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人十田心 (HOJWP), four-corner 2423₆, composition ⿰彳𢛳)

simp. and trad.		德
alternative forms		徳惪悳㥁恴徳惪悳㥁恴㥀㤫𢛳𢜖𢠀𢤊𨗌𨗤

Historical forms of the character 德
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tɯːɡ): semantic 彳 (“road”) + phonetic 惪 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”). 惪 is corrupted into 𢛳.

“virtue; morality; favour”: An allofam is probably 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: dé
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: tê²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: der
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dak¹
  - Yale: dāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: deg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ak²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ak̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tet
  - Hakka Romanization System: ded`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ded⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /tet̚²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tiəʔ²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dáik
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiak
  - Tâi-lô: tiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tek
  - Tâi-lô: tik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: deg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tek̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: teq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /təʔ⁵⁵/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	德
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dé
Middle Chinese	‹ tok ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁək/
English	virtue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.