直

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Japanese stroke order

Alternative formsEdit

Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: simplified does not have a left vertical stroke, while the traditional form has a left vertical stroke; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in traditional they are separated – this last difference is shared with the related character 真 and the unrelated character 具. The traditional form and stroke order are used in Japan and Taiwan.

EtymologyEdit

Original (in oracle script) a vertical line emerging from the top of a nose 自, in present form resembles a cross 十 over 目. The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script. The top component has been relatively unstable, taking on other shapes such as 匕 – compare 眞, and different forms of 真.

Han characterEdit

Shinjitai	直
Simplified	直
Traditional	直

直 (radical 109 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 4071₆)

1. straight, erect, vertical
2. alignment, aligned, harmonious
3. (archaic, interchangeable with 值) value, worth
4. (archaic, interchangeable with 只) only, solely

Derived charactersEdit

• 置, 值

Related charactersEdit

• 真, 眞

See alsoEdit

• 具

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 800, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
• Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 61, character 7
• Unihan data for U+76F4

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		直

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhí (zhi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ti̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dig⁸ / dêg⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
    • Wade-Giles: chih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zik⁶
    • Yale: jihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: ciid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cid⁶
    • IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t
    • Tâi-lô: ti̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dit
    • IPA (Taipei): /tit̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tit̚¹²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dig⁸ / dêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ti̍k / te̍k
    • IPA ^(key): /tik̚⁴/, /tek̚⁴/
    • Note: dig8 - Chaozhou; dêg8 - Jieyang.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 直
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/zəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɨʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰət̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sek̚²/
	Nanning	/t͡sek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tik̚⁵/ /tit̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/tɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tik̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdit̚³/ /t͡sek̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɖɨk̚/▼

Rime
Character	直
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	除力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖik̚/
Li Rong	/ȡiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhí

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*N-t<r>ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*dɯɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	直
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhí
Middle Chinese	‹ drik ›
Old Chinese	/*N-t<r>ək/
English	straight
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	直
Reading #	1/1
No.	17269
Phonetic component	直
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	直
Old Chinese	/*dɯɡ/
Notes	金文象目測枉材以取直而會意

Etymology 1Edit

AdjectiveEdit

直

1. straight

CompoundsEdit

• 直升機／直升机 (zhíshēngjī)

• 直徑／直径 (zhíjìng)

• 直接 (zhíjiē)

Etymology 2Edit

Alternative form of 值 (zhí).

VerbEdit

直

1. (classical) to be worth

   今有布一匹，價直一百二十五。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

   今有布一匹，价直一百二十五。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: 《九章算術》 (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art), 衰分 (Proportional distribution)

   Jīn yǒu bù yī pǐ, jiàzhí yībǎi èrshíwǔ. [Pinyin]

   Now there exists one piece of cloth; its value is worth one hundred twenty-five.

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

直

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. straight

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: じき (jiki) < ぢき (diki)
• Kan’on: ちょく (choku)
• Kun: なおす (直す, naosu), なおる (直る, naoru), ただちに (直ちに, tadachini)
• Nanori: なおい (naoi)

CompoundsEdit

• 直 (ちょっ)径 (けい) ‎(chokkei, “diameter”)
• 直 (ちょっ)角 (かく)三 (さん)角 (かっ)形 (けい) ‎(chokkakusankakkei, “right triangle”)
• 直流 (ちょくりゅう) ‎(chokuryū, “direct current”)
• 直 (ちょっ)感 (かん) ‎(chokkan, “intuition”)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

直 • ‎(jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune-Reischauer chik, Yale cik)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

直 (trực, chực, sực)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.