直

直 U+76F4, 直
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F4
← 盳
[U+76F3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 盵 →
[U+76F5]
直 U+FAA8, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA8
← 盛
[U+FAA7] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 睊 →
[U+FAA9]
直 U+2F940, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F940
← 䀈
[U+2F93F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𥃳 →
[U+2F941]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
(Japan)
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 

Alternative formsEdit

Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: both Simplified and Traditional do not have a left vertical stroke, while the orthodox form has a left vertical stroke; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in the orthodox they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters 真 and 具. The older form and stroke order are officially used in Japan but an alternative writing in other countries.

Han characterEdit

Japanese 直
Simplified 直
Traditional 直

直 (radical 109, 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 40716, composition ⿱十⿴𠀃三(GH) or ⿱𠂇⿴𠀃三(TV) or ⿱𠂇⿺𠃊目(JK))

Derived charactersEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 800, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 61, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+76F4




ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 直
alternative forms 𰅰 second round simplified

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 直
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
置 *tɯɡs
值 *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ
植 *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ
埴 *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ
惪 *tɯːɡ
德 *tɯːɡ
稙 *tɯɡ
淔 *tʰɯɡ
直 *dɯɡ
犆 *dɯɡ
殖 *djɯɡ

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead.

The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.

EtymologyEdit

"simply; only"
According to Schuessler (2007), cognate with 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single”). Also compare Darmiya taku (“one”).
"straight; right"
According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”), which also includes 正 (OC *tjeŋ, “first (lunar month)”), 正 (OC *tjeŋs, “straight; correct”), 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “government; rule”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”). Cognates include Tibetan ཏིག་ཏིག (tig tig, “certainly”), Mizo dik (“correct”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-d(y)ak (“truly; very; intensitive”). An allofam is probably 德 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”) (Schuessler, 2007).
“heterosexual”
Semantic loan from English straight.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • ti̍t - vernacular;
    • tia̍k/te̍k - literary.
  • (Teochew)
    • Note:
    • dig8 - Chaozhou and Shantou;
    • dêg8 - Jieyang.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 直
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Qingdao /tʃz̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡sz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /t͡səʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /d͡zei²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sek̚²/
    Nanning /t͡sek̚²²/
    Hong Kong /t͡sɐk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tik̚⁵/
    /tit̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tiʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tɛ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /tik̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdit̚³/
    /t͡sek̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 直
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 職 (134)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 除力切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖɨk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡiek̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖik̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡiək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯ək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhí
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 直
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhí
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drik ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-t<r>ək/
    English straight

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 直
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17269
    Phonetic
    component         		直
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		直
    Old
    Chinese         		/*dɯɡ/
    Notes 金文象目測枉材以取直而會意

    DefinitionsEdit

    直

    1. straight; linear; undeviating
      直線 / 直线  ―  zhíxiàn  ―  straight line
      Antonyms: 彎／弯 (wān), 彎曲／弯曲 (wānqū)
    2. to straighten
    3. vertical; upright; erect
    4. honest; fair
    5. straightforward; forthright; frank
    6. directly; straight
      直去  ―  zhíqù  ―  to go directly to
    7. intentionally; deliberately
    8. † only; just
      Synonym: 只 (zhǐ)
    9. (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
    10. † Alternative form of 值 (zhí, “to be worth”).
    11. constantly
    12. (slang) straight; heterosexual
      直男  ―  zhínán  ―  heterosexual man
      Antonym: 彎／弯 (wān)

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 豎 (“vertical; upright”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 豎
    Mandarin Beijing 豎
    Jinan 豎
    Xi'an 豎, 順, 立
    Wuhan 豎, 直
    Chengdu 豎, 立
    Guiyang 豎, 直
    Yangzhou 豎
    Hefei 豎
    Cantonese Guangzhou 掂, 戙
    Hong Kong 直, 掂, 戙
    Yangjiang 掂, 直
    Gan Nanchang 敦, 直
    Hakka Meixian 直
    Jin Taiyuan 豎
    Min Bei Jian'ou 直
    Min Dong Fuzhou 直, 徛
    Min Nan Xiamen 徛
    Chaozhou 徛, 直
    Wu Suzhou 直, 豎
    Wenzhou 豎
    Xiang Changsha 敦, 直
    Shuangfeng 敦, 直

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 直

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    直

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. straight

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Kanji in this term
    直
    じか
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Sound change from jiki.[1]

    This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

    PrefixEdit

    直(じか) • (jika-) 

    1. directly

    SynonymsEdit

    Related termsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    直 (eumhun 곧을 직 (godeul jik))

    1. Hanja form? of 직 (“straight”).

    MiyakoEdit

    KanjiEdit

    直

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    直: Hán Nôm readings: trực

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    YaeyamaEdit

    KanjiEdit

    直

    YonaguniEdit

    KanjiEdit

    直

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