直
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Alternative formsEdit
Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: both Simplified and Traditional do not have a left vertical stroke, while the orthodox form has a left vertical stroke; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in the orthodox they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters 真 and 具. The older form and stroke order are officially used in Japan but an alternative writing in other countries.
Han characterEdit
Japanese | 直 |
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Simplified | 直 |
Traditional | 直 |
直 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 40716, composition ⿱十⿴𠀃三(GH) or ⿱𠂇⿴𠀃三(TV) or ⿱𠂇⿺𠃊目(JK))
Derived charactersEdit
- 値, 值, 𠶗, 埴, 𡸜, 𢃜, 𢏶, 徝, 㥀, 㨁, 淔, 植, 殖, 𤊧, 犆, 禃, 䐈, 稙, 𫌁, 𡖻, 𨁷, 𫒦, 𥊣, 𫗾, 𫤁, 𤣡
- 𬑚, 𪧡, 𧡚, 𭅨, 𥊢, 𭅬, 真, 𡌴, 悳, 惪, 嗭, 𫹦, 矗, 𡸽, 𣇣, 𠁆, 置, 𠍜, 𥮖, 𪠋, 𭼔
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 800, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
- Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 61, character 7
- Unihan data for U+76F4
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
直 | |
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2nd round simp. | 𰅰 | |
alternative forms | ⿱十且 1981 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 直 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead.
The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.
EtymologyEdit
- "simply; only"
- According to Schuessler (2007), cognate with 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single”). Also compare Darmiya taku (“one”).
- "straight; right"
- According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”), which also includes 正 (OC *tjeŋ, “first (lunar month)”), 正 (OC *tjeŋs, “straight; correct”), 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “government; rule”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”). Cognates include Tibetan ཏིག་ཏིག (tig tig, “certainly”), Mizo dik (“correct”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-d(y)ak (“truly; very; intensitive”). An allofam is probably 德 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- “heterosexual”
- Semantic loan from English straight.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
直
- straight; linear; undeviating
- to straighten
- vertical; upright; erect
- honest; fair
- straightforward; forthright; frank
- directly; straight
- 直去 ― zhíqù ― to go directly to
- intentionally; deliberately
- † only; just
- (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
- † Alternative form of 值 (zhí, “to be worth”).
- constantly
- (slang) straight; heterosexual
- (historical) Short for 直隸/直隶 (Zhílì, “Zhili”).
- 直系軍閥/直系军阀 ― Zhí xì jūnfá ― the Zhili faction (of the Beiyang warlords)
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
Variety | Location | Words |
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Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 豎 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 豎 |
Jinan | 豎 | |
Xi'an | 豎, 順, 立 | |
Wuhan | 豎, 直 | |
Chengdu | 豎, 立 | |
Guiyang | 豎, 直 | |
Yangzhou | 豎 | |
Hefei | 豎 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掂, 戙 |
Hong Kong | 直, 掂, 戙 | |
Yangjiang | 掂, 直 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 敦, 直 |
Hakka | Meixian | 直 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 豎 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 直 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 直, 徛 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 徛 |
Chaozhou | 徛, 直 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 直, 豎 |
Wenzhou | 豎 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 敦, 直 |
Shuangfeng | 敦, 直 |
CompoundsEdit
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ReferencesEdit
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02759
- “Entry #4389”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: じき (jiki, Jōyō)←ぢき (diki, historical); じか (jika)←ぢか (dika, historical)
- Kan-on: ちょく (choku, Jōyō)
- Kun: ただちに (tadachini, 直ちに, Jōyō); なおす (naosu, 直す, Jōyō)←なほす (nafosu, historical); なおる (naoru, 直る, Jōyō)←なほる (naforu, historical); あたい (atai, 直)←あたひ (atafi, historical); すぐ (sugu, 直ぐ); すぐ (sugu, 直); なおき (naoki, 直き)←なほき (nafoki, historical); じか (jika, 直); ひた (hita, 直)
- Nanori: すぐ (sugu); なおい (naoi); のう (nō); のお (nō)
CompoundsEdit
- 直径 (chokkei, “diameter”)
- 直角三角形 (chokkaku-sankakkei, “right triangle”)
- 直流 (chokuryū, “direct current”)
- 直感 (chokkan, “intuition”)
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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直 |
じか Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Sound change from jiki.[1]
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
PrefixEdit
Related termsEdit
- 直に (jika ni)
Etymology 2Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 直 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 直, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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直 |
ちょく Grade: 2 |
kan’on |
AdjectiveEdit
直 • (choku) †-tari (adnominal 直たる (choku taru), adverbial 直と (choku to) or 直として (choku to shite))
AdjectiveEdit
直 • (choku) -na (adnominal 直な (choku na), adverbial 直に (choku ni))
- sincere, straightforward, proper, frank
- simple, not extravagant, not expensive, less formal
VerbEdit
直する • (choku suru) suru (stem 直し (choku shi), past 直した (choku shita))
- to do one's duty, be on duty
ConjugationEdit
Stem forms | ||||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 直し | ちょくし | choku shi | |
Continuative (連用形) | 直し | ちょくし | choku shi | |
Terminal (終止形) | 直する | ちょくする | choku suru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 直する | ちょくする | choku suru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 直すれ | ちょくすれ | choku sure | |
Imperative (命令形) | 直せよ¹ 直しろ² |
ちょくせよ¹ ちょくしろ² |
choku seyo¹ choku shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 直される | ちょくされる | choku sareru | |
Causative | 直させる 直さす |
ちょくさせる ちょくさす |
choku saseru choku sasu | |
Potential | 直できる | ちょくできる | choku dekiru | |
Volitional | 直しよう | ちょくしよう | choku shiyō | |
Negative | 直しない | ちょくしない | choku shinai | |
Negative continuative | 直せず | ちょくせず | choku sezu | |
Formal | 直します | ちょくします | choku shimasu | |
Perfective | 直した | ちょくした | choku shita | |
Conjunctive | 直して | ちょくして | choku shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 直すれば | ちょくすれば | choku sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
MiyakoEdit
KanjiEdit
直
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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YaeyamaEdit
KanjiEdit
直
YonaguniEdit
KanjiEdit
直