多
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
多 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈弓戈 (NINI), four-corner 27207, composition ⿱夕夕)
Derived charactersEdit
- 侈, 𠀲, 哆, 垑, 姼, 㡅, 恀, 拸, 陊, 䏧, 栘, 㶴, 迻, 眵, 移, 䇋, 蛥, 袳, 誃, 趍, 跢, 䡔, 𮠨, 鉹, 夥, 䬷, 夦, 䮈 (𬳾), 黟, 卶, 㩼, 夠(够), 翗, 夡, 㷇, 㚊, 㚌, 㚋, 䫂, 郺, 㚍, 㚉, 奓, 㝖, 爹, 𣆚, 茤, 㗬, 袲, 𭅚, 㞔, 㢁, 扅, 痑
DescendantsEdit
- タ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 246, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5756
- Dae Jaweon: page 489, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 862, character 2
- Unihan data for U+591A
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 多 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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多 | *ʔl'aːl |
哆 | *ʔl'aːlʔ, *ʔl'aːls, *ʔr'aːls, *hr'aːl, *l̥ʰjaːlʔ, *l̥ʰjalʔ, *l̥ʰjɯs |
跢 | *ʔl'aːls, *ʔl'aːds |
痑 | *ʔl'aːls, *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːn |
爹 | *daːʔ, *tjaː |
陊 | *l'aːlʔ, *l'alʔ |
橠 | *naːlʔ |
袲 | *naːlʔ, *l̥ʰjalʔ, *lal |
奓 | *ʔr'aːl, *ʔr'aːls |
栘 | *ɦljeːl, *lal |
黟 | *ʔleːl, *ʔlil |
趍 | *sʰlo, *l'al |
誃 | *l'al, *l̥ʰjalʔ |
簃 | *l'al, *lal |
眵 | *ʔljjal, *l̥ʰjal |
恀 | *ʔljalʔ, *l̥ʰjalʔ, *ɦljalʔ |
侈 | *l̥ʰjalʔ |
姼 | *l̥ʰjalʔ, *ɦljal, *ɦljalʔ |
鉹 | *l̥ʰjalʔ, *lal |
垑 | *l̥ʰjalʔ |
袳 | *l̥ʰjalʔ |
卶 | *l̥ʰjals, *hljals |
宜 | *ŋral |
誼 | *ŋrals |
竩 | *ŋrals |
移 | *lal |
迻 | *lal |
扅 | *lal |
拸 | *lal, *lalʔ |
熪 | *lal |
謻 | *lal |
蛥 | *ɢljad |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) – two pieces of meat (肉). In the bronze script, 肉 was corrupted into 夕 due to visual similarity, making 多 into a duplication of 夕. The form with 夕 was inherited in later scripts.
Chi (2010) suggests that meat is scarce in ancient times, so two pieces of meat is a lot, citing a passage from Mencius:
Chang Ping-chuan suggests that it is the duplicative nature of the character that gives the meaning of "many", just like in 林 (“forest”), from 木 (“tree; wood”).
Etymology 1Edit
trad. | 多 | |
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simp. # | 多 | |
alternative forms | 𡖈 𢑑 夛 |
Etymology unclear. Schuessler (2007) suggests that it is in the same word family as 諸 (OC *tjaː, *tja, “many; all”) and 庶 (OC *hljaɡs, “many”).
Hill (2014, 2019) compares it to Tibetan ཆེ (che, “big”), མཐེ་བོ (mthe bo, “thumb”), Burmese တယ် (tai, “very”). STEDT derives the latter two from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ta-j (“big”), whose Chinese comparandum is 大 (OC *daːds, “large”) instead; Baxter (1992) has also compared it to this etymon.
Baxter and Sagart (1998) propose that there may be a prefix *t- in this word that gives a mass noun reading, which may nullify the connection to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ta-j (“big”). However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) may have withdrawn from this theory since they no longer indicate the *t as a prefix.
Also compare Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (“many, much”), whence Thai หลาย (lǎai, “many”) and Zhuang lai (“many”), and Proto-Hlai *hləːy (“many”) (Gong Qunhu, 2002; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Schuessler (2007) considers the Chinese word to be from Kra-Dai, but others suggest that the direction of borrowing may have been the other way (Li, 1977; Baxter and Sagart, 1998; Norquest, 2007).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
多
- many; much; a lot of; numerous
- 永叔謂為文有三多:看多、做多、商量多也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 11th century, 陳師道 (Chen Shidao), 《後山詩話》
- Yǒngshū wèi wèi wén yǒu sānduō: kàn duō, zuò duō, shāngliàng duō yě. [Pinyin]
- Yongshu said that in writing, there are three things to do much of. These are reading much, writing much, and revising much.
永叔谓为文有三多:看多、做多、商量多也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (after an amount) over; and more; more than
- (after an amount but before the classifier) as much as
- (before a classifier) multiple
- (used in comparison structure 得多, 多了) much more; a lot more; far more
- more
- extra; in excess
- (used in question) how; how much; what
- (emphasis in exclamations) so; how; what
- to have a lot
- to have more; to have too much; to have too many
- (Cantonese) few; little
Usage notesEdit
- (over, more than): When the number is smaller or equal to 10, 多 can be put after the measure word. If it is bigger than ten, 多 has to be put before the measure word.
- (more): In Mandarin, 多 is usually placed before the verb, but in Cantonese, it is usually placed after the verb.
SynonymsEdit
Variety | Location | Words |
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Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 多 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 多 |
Yantai (Muping) | 多 | |
Jinan | 多, 多麼 | |
Wanrong | 多 | |
Xi'an | 多 | |
Yinchuan | 多 | |
Lanzhou | 多 | |
Xining | 多 | |
Ürümqi | 多 | |
Wuhan | 幾, 幾樣, 好 | |
Chengdu | 好 | |
Guiyang | 好 | |
Liuzhou | 幾 | |
Xuzhou | 多 | |
Yangzhou | 多 | |
Nanjing | 多 | |
Malaysia | 多 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幾 |
Hong Kong | 幾 | |
Dongguan | 幾 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 幾 |
Lichuan | 幾 | |
Pingxiang | 幾 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 幾 |
Yudu | 幾 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 幾 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 幾 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 幾 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 幾 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 幾 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 幾 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 多少 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 多來 |
Xinzhou | 多麼, 多啦 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 幾多 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 若夥 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 偌 |
Quanzhou | 偌 | |
Zhangzhou | 偌 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
Jieyang | 若 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 若 | |
Leizhou | 偌 | |
Haikou | 偌 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 幾 |
Wu | Shanghai | 多少, 幾化 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 多下 | |
Suzhou | 幾化 | |
Danyang | 多 | |
Hangzhou | 多少 | |
Wenzhou | 幾倈 | |
Jinhua | 幾很 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 好 |
Loudi | 好 |
Variety | Location | Words |
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Classical Chinese | 何等, 何其, 一何, 何哉, 何等也, 何則 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 多麼, 何等, 何其 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 多麼, 多 |
Taiwan | 多麼, 多 | |
Jinan | 多麼, 多 | |
Xi'an | 多 | |
Wuhan | 幾, 幾樣, 好 | |
Chengdu | 好, 多 | |
Guilin | 好 | |
Yangzhou | 多 | |
Hefei | 好 | |
Malaysia | 多 | |
Singapore | 多麼, 多 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幾, 幾咁 |
Hong Kong | 幾, 幾咁 | |
Yangjiang | 幾 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 幾 |
Hakka | Meixian | 幾 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 多麼, 多來 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 幾多 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 若夥, 若 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 偌, 偌爾仔 |
Quanzhou | 偌 | |
Zhangzhou | 偌, 偌爾仔, 偌仔爾 | |
Taipei | 偌爾, 偌仔爾 | |
Kaohsiung | 偌爾, 偌仔爾 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
Chaozhou | 若 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 若 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 多少, 幾化 |
Suzhou | 幾化 | |
Wenzhou | 幾倈, 幾恁 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 幾, 幾多, 好 |
Shuangfeng | 幾, 好 |
CompoundsEdit
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DescendantsEdit
Others:
Etymology 2Edit
trad. | 多 | |
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simp. # | 多 |
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
多
Etymology 3Edit
trad. | 多 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 多 |
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
多
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: た (ta, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: た (ta, Jōyō)
- Kun: おおい (ōi, 多い, Jōyō)←おほい (ofoi, historical); さわ (sawa, 多)←さは (safa, historical)
- Nanori: おおし (ōshi); かず (kazu); な (na); なお (nao); まさ (masa); まさる (masaru)
CompoundsEdit
- 多分 (tabun)
PrefixEdit
- multi-
- 多言語辞書
- tagengojisho
- multilingual dictionary
- 多言語辞書
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 多國籍 (다국적, dagukjeok)
- 多口 (다구, dagu)
- 多力 (다력, daryeok)
- 多分 (다분, dabun)
- 多勢 (다세, dase)
- 多夫 (다부, dabu)
- 多妻 (다처, dacheo)
- 多幸 (다행, daheng)
- 多思 (다사, dasa)
- 多怯 (다겁, dageop)
- 多數 (다수, dasu)
- 多數決 (다수결, dasugyeol)
- 多樣 (다양, dayang)
- 多福 (다복, dabok)