則

See also: 则

則 U+5247, 則 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5247 ← 剆 [U+5246] CJK Unified Ideographs 剈 → [U+5248]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

則 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月金中弓 (BCLN), four-corner 6280₀, composition ⿰貝刂)

Derived characters

• 側, 𠗧, 𠷌, 𡍫, 𡺢, 惻, 𢯩, 測, 𣉇, 𣖡, 𥠉, 𧍡, 鍘, 鰂, 䶡, 厠, 𰁊, 崱, 廁, 萴, 䈟, 𢝔

Related characters

• 则 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1994
• Dae Jaweon: page 317, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 340, character 6
• Unihan data for U+5247

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 則
Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)			Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (則) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
廁	*sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ
則	*ʔsɯːɡ
賊	*zɯːɡ
鰂	*zɯːɡ
鱡	*zɯːɡ
蠈	*zɯːɡ
側	*ʔsrɯɡ
萴	*ʔsrɯɡ, *zrɯɡ
測	*sʰrɯɡ
惻	*sʰrɯɡ
崱	*zrɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鼎 (“ding, a bronze cauldron for cooking or sacrificial rituals”) + 刂 (“knife”). 鼎 was simplified as 貝 in the Small seal script. Cf. 貞 (OC *teŋ, “to divine; righteous; firm”), which underwent similar development.

Etymology 1

trad.		則
simp.		则
alternative forms		𠞋 𠟔 𠟻 𠟭

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zé (ze²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄜˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ze²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zak¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): dak²

• Gan (Wiktionary): zet⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chet

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zêd⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): zah⁴ / zeh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): că̤
• Eastern Min (BUC): cáik
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chek / chak / chiak / cherk

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêg⁴

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷tseq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ze⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zé
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zé
    • Wade–Giles: tsê²
    • Yale: dzé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzer
    • Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ze²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ze
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zak¹
    • Yale: jāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐk̚⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: dak²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tak̚⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zet⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chet
    • Hakka Romanization System: zed`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zed⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡set̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zêd⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɛt̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zah⁴ / zeh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡saʔ²/, /t͡səʔ²/

Note:

• zah4 - vernacular;
• zeh4 - literary.

• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: că̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cáik
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Nan'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
    • Tâi-lô: tsik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Nan'an): /t͡siɪk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chak
    • Tâi-lô: tsak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zag
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Hui'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
    • Tâi-lô: tsiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
    • IPA (Hui'an): /t͡siak̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Nan'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cherk
    • Tâi-lô: tserk
    • IPA (Nan'an): /t͡sək̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sek̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷tseq
    • MiniDict: tseh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡səʔ⁴³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ze⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤ̞²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 則
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sɤ³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sai²⁴/ /t͡sɤ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sɤ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡sə²¹³/ /t͡sei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sə⁴²/ /t͡se⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡sei²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sə³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡se³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡sə³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡sɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡saʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡se²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sɛʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡sa⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sə²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡set̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/t͡set̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐk̚⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡saiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sek̚⁵/ /t͡sɔk̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsok

Rime
Character	則
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子德切
Baxter	tsok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sək̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sək̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ze
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	則	則
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zé	zé
Middle Chinese	‹ tsok ›	‹ tsok ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁək/	/*[ts]ˁək/
English	then	rule, pattern
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	則
Reading #	1/1
No.	16595
Phonetic component	則
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	則
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːɡ/

Definitions

則

1. rule; law; regulation
2. standard; example
3. to follow an example
4. Classifier for news, writings, stories, or narratives: item

   一則寓言／一则寓言  ―  yī zé yùyán  ―  a fable

5. conjunction used to indicate sequence of events; and
6. conjunction used to indicate cause and effect; so; thus
7. conjunction used to indicate contrast; but; on the other hand
8. conjunction used between two identical or near-identical words to indicate concession; it is ... but it ...

   • 美則美矣，抑臣亦有懼也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     美则美矣，抑臣亦有惧也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Měi zé měi yǐ, yì chén yì yǒu jù yě. [Pinyin]

     Beautiful as it may be, there is still something that I fear.

   • 治則治矣，非書意也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     治则治矣，非书意也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

     Zhì zé zhì yǐ, fēi shū yì yě. [Pinyin]

     Well-governed as it was, it had never been the letter's intended effect.

   • 馬則吾馬，齒亦老矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     马则吾马，齿亦老矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Mǎ zé wú mǎ, chǐ yì lǎo yǐ. [Pinyin]

     Although the horses are indeed the same horses of mine, some ageing still shows on the teeth.

9. particle used as the copula
10. particle used after numerals to list reasons

Compounds

• 一則／一则 (yīzé)
• 上則／上则 (shàngzé)
• 不則／不则
• 不則聲／不则声
• 不平則鳴／不平则鸣 (bùpíngzémíng)
• 不敢則聲／不敢则声
• 不見則聲／不见则声
• 不規則／不规则 (bùguīzé)
• 且則／且则
• 乃則爾巴格／乃则尔巴格 (Nǎizé'ěr Bāgé)
• 亂極則平／乱极则平
• 事緩則圓／事缓则圆
• 二則／二则 (èrzé)
• 互惠原則／互惠原则
• 交通規則／交通规则 (jiāotōng guīzé)
• 以身作則／以身作则 (yǐshēnzuòzé)
• 何則／何则
• 便則道／便则道
• 公則／公则
• 分則／分则 (fēnzé)
• 則不／则不
• 則例／则例
• 則個／则个
• 則天／则天
• 則度／则度 (zédù)
• 則故／则故
• 則是／则是 (zéshì)
• 則波／则波
• 則甚／则甚
• 則索／则索
• 則聲／则声
• 則麼／则么
• 原則／原则 (yuánzé)
• 可則／可则
• 否則／否则 (fǒuzé)
• 單則／单则
• 單則是／单则是
• 器滿則傾／器满则倾
• 四則／四则
• 四則運算／四则运算
• 多則／多则
• 大原則／大原则
• 大杖則走／大杖则走
• 守則／守则 (shǒuzé)
• 安培定則／安培定则
• 定則／定则
• 常則／常则
• 恰則／恰则
• 憲則／宪则
• 或則／或则 (huòzé)
• 指數法則／指数法则
• 改則／改则 (Gǎizé)
• 敢則／敢则
• 敢則是／敢则是
• 日中則昃／日中则昃
• 日中則移／日中则移
• 日喀則／日喀则
• 早則／早则
• 易則／易则
• 是則／是则
• 更則道／更则道
• 月滿則虧／月满则亏
• 月盈則虧／月盈则亏
• 月盈則食／月盈则食
• 有典有則／有典有则
• 木強則折／木强则折
• 楷則／楷则
• 樂極則悲／乐极则悲
• 正則／正则 (zhèngzé)
• 法則／法则 (fǎzé)
• 淺嘗則止／浅尝则止
• 準則／准则 (zhǔnzé)
• 演算法則／演算法则
• 然則／然则 (ránzé)
• 無欲則剛／无欲则刚
• 物極則衰／物极则衰
• 物盛則衰／物盛则衰
• 物至則反／物至则反
• 率由舊則／率由旧则
• 理則／理则 (lǐzé)
• 理則學／理则学
• 盈則必虧／盈则必亏
• 科則／科则
• 稅則／税则
• 窮則思變／穷则思变
• 窮極則變／穷极则变
• 簡則／简则 (jiǎnzé)
• 細則／细则 (xìzé)
• 總則／总则 (zǒngzé)
• 纔則／才则
• 罰則／罚则 (fázé)
• 聞過則喜／闻过则喜
• 能免則免／能免则免 (néngmiǎnzémiǎn)
• 薩勒吾則克／萨勒吾则克 (Sàlèwúzékè)
• 要則／要则
• 規則／规则 (guīzé)
• 誠信原則／诚信原则
• 議事規則／议事规则
• 變則／变则
• 軌則／轨则
• 辦事細則／办事细则
• 通則／通则 (tōngzé)
• 遊戲規則／游戏规则 (yóuxì guīzé)
• 鐵則／铁则 (tiězé)
• 關稅稅則／关税税则
• 附則／附则 (fùzé)
• 陰勝則寒／阴胜则寒
• 雖則／虽则 (suīzé)
• 青年守則／青年守则
• 非愚則誣／非愚则诬
• 章則／章则
• 麗則／丽则

 

Etymology 2

trad.		則
simp.		则
alternative forms		積／积

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from English cheque?”)

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zik¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zik¹
    • Yale: jīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: jig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵/

Definitions

則

1. (Cantonese) floor plan or layout (of buildings, especially of apartments or flats) (Classifier: 個／个 c)

Compounds

• 入則／入则 (jap⁶ zik¹) (Cantonese)
• 則師／则师 (zik¹ si¹) (Cantonese)
• 原則／原则 (jyun⁴ zik¹) (Cantonese)
• 圖則／图则 (tou⁴ zik¹) (Cantonese)
• 開則／开则 (Cantonese)

 

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 則 – see 才 (“(Min Nan)”). (This character is a variant form of 才).

Japanese

Kanji

則

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. rule, law
2. measure, norm
3. to follow, to conform

Readings

• Go-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
• Kun: のり (nori); のっとる (nottoru, 則る); すなわち (sunawachi, 則ち)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
則
そく Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 則 (MC tsok, “rule”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そく [sóꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [so̞kɯ̟]

Counter

則(そく) • (-soku) 

1. counter for rules

Noun

則(そく) • (soku) 

1. rule, law

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 獄(ごく)則(そく) (gokusoku, “prison rules”)
• 鉄(てっ)則(そく) (tessoku, “ironclad regulation”)
• 反(はん)則(そく) (hansoku), 犯(はん)則(そく) (hansoku, “violation of the rules”)
• 変(へん)則(そく) (hensoku, “irregularity; anomaly”)
• 経(けい)験(けん)則(そく) (keikensoku, “rule of thumb”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
則
のり Grade: 5
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 則 – see the following entry.

【のり】 [noun] rule, regulation, law [noun] norm, standard [noun] measure, scale, ruler (measuring device) [noun] measure, scale, size Alternative spellings 規, 法, 矩

(This term, 則, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese.

Historical Readings
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575	법즉 (Yale: pepcuk)	즉 (Yale: cuk)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰik̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [칙]

Hanja

Wikisource

則 (eumhun 법칙(法則) 칙 (beopchik chik))

1. hanja form^? of 칙 (“rule; law; regulation”) [affix]

Compounds

Compounds

• 각칙 (各則, gakchik)
• 교칙 (校則, gyochik)
• 교칙 (敎則, gyochik)
• 규칙 (規則, gyuchik)
• 내칙 (內則, naechik)
• 대칙 (大則, daechik)
• 반칙 (反則, banchik)
• 벌칙 (罰則, beolchik)
• 변칙 (變則, byeonchik)
• 본칙 (本則, bonchik)
• 부칙 (附則, buchik)
• 사칙 (四則, sachik)
• 사칙 (舍則, sachik)
• 사칙 (社則, sachik)
• 수칙 (守則, suchik)
• 원칙 (原則, wonchik)
• 정칙 (定則, jeongchik)
• 정칙 (正則, jeongchik)
• 준칙 (準則, junchik)
• 천칙 (天則, cheonchik)
• 철칙 (鐵則, cheolchik)
• 총칙 (總則, chongchik)
• 학칙 (學則, hakchik)
• 헌칙 (憲則, heonchik)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	즉〮 (Yale: cúk)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɯk̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [즉]

Hanja

則 (eumhun 곧 즉 (got jeuk))

1. (literary Chinese) hanja form^? of 즉 (“particle in literary Chinese texts”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 과즉 (過則, gwajeuk)
• 물구즉신 (物久則神, mulgujeuksin)
• 사즉동혈 (死則同穴, sajeukdonghyeol)
• 수즉다욕 (壽則多辱, sujeukdayok)
• 언즉시야 (言則是也, eonjeuksiya)
• 연즉 (然則, yeonjeuk)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

則: Hán Việt readings: tắc, trắc
則: Nôm readings: tắc, tấc, trắc

1. chữ Hán form of tắc (“law; regulation”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 法則 (phép tắc)