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息

息 U+606F, 息
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606F
← 恮
[U+606E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恰 →
[U+6070]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

息 (radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹山心 (HUP), four-corner 26330, composition ⿱自心)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 385, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10601
  • Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2291, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+606F

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (息) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
息 *slɯɡ
熄 *slɯɡ
媳 *slɯɡ
鄎 *slɯɡ
瘜 *slɯɡ
蒠 *slɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 自 (“nose”) + 心 (“heart”) – to breath (life) through one’s nose. Note that this uses the older meaning of 自, as “nose”, rather than “self”.

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sak (“breath; life; to breathe”). Cognate with Jingpho sa' (“to breathe”), Burmese အသက် (a.sak).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

PronunciationEdit

simp. and trad.
 息
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • sek/siak - literary;
    • sit - vernacular.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 息
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕi⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕi²¹³/
    Tianjin /ɕi²¹/
    /ɕi⁵³/
    Jinan /ɕi²¹³/
    Qingdao /si⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /si²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕi²¹/
    Xining /ɕji⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
    Lanzhou /ɕi¹³/
    Ürümqi /ɕi²¹³/
    Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
    Chengdu /ɕi³¹/
    Guiyang /ɕi²¹/
    Kunming /ɕi³¹/
    Nanjing /siʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ²/
    Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /siəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /sei²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /siʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /si⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
    Xiangtan /si²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /sit̚¹/
    Taoyuan /sit̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sek̚⁵/
    Nanning /ɬek̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /sik̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sik̚³²/
    /sit̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /sek̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tek̚⁵/ 利～
    Rime
    Character 息
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 職 (134)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 相即切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɨk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɨk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/siek̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sik̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/siək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si̯ək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xi
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 息 息
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xī xī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sik › ‹ sik ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sək/ /*sək/
    English breathe 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 息
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13332
    Phonetic
    component         		息
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		息
    Old
    Chinese         		/*slɯɡ/
    Notes 說文自亦聲

    DefinitionsEdit

    息

    1. to breathe; to pant
    2. to sigh; to blow
    3. to stop; to subside; to cease
    4. to put a stop to; to stop
    5. to rest; to have a rest
    6. to grow; to develop
    7. to calm down; to appease
    8. breath; life
    9. one's own children
    10. interest; dividends
    11. message; news

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 息

    Etymology 2Edit

    simp. and trad.
    		 息
    variant forms 塞 Cantonese; Hakka
    蝨／虱 Hakka

    PronunciationEdit

    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 息
    Mandarin Beijing
    Harbin
    Tianjin
    Jinan
    Qingdao
    Zhengzhou
    Xi'an
    Xining
    Yinchuan
    Lanzhou
    Ürümqi
    Wuhan
    Chengdu
    Guiyang
    Kunming
    Nanjing
    Hefei
    Jin Taiyuan
    Pingyao
    Hohhot
    Wu Shanghai
    Suzhou
    Hangzhou
    Wenzhou
    Hui Shexian
    Tunxi
    Xiang Changsha
    Xiangtan
    Gan Nanchang
    Hakka Meixian /set̚¹/
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐk̚⁵/
    Nanning /ɬɐk̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /sɐk̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan)
    Fuzhou (Min Dong)
    Jian'ou (Min Bei)
    Shantou (Min Nan)
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tit̚⁵/ 曾孫

    DefinitionsEdit

    息

    1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Hainanese, Leizhou Min) great-grandchild
    SynonymsEdit
    Dialectal synonyms of 曾孫 (“great-grandson; great-grandchild”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 曾孫, 曾孫子
    Mandarin Beijing 曾孫兒
    Taiwan 曾孫
    Harbin 重孫子, 重孫兒
    Jinan 重孫, 重孫子
    Muping 重孫子
    Luoyang 重孫子
    Wanrong 重孫
    Xi'an 重孫
    Xining 重孫子
    Xuzhou 重孫兒, 重孫, 曾孫兒, 曾孫, 四世孫兒, 四世孫
    Yinchuan 重孫子
    Lanzhou 重孫, 男重孫 †
    Ürümqi 重孫子
    Wuhan 重孫子, 重孫
    Chengdu 灰灰兒
    Guiyang 重孫孫, 重孫
    Guilin 重孫子
    Liuzhou 息子, 息, 重孫, 息崽 †
    Yangzhou 重孫子
    Nanjing 重重, 重孫 †
    Nantong 重孫兒
    Cantonese Guangzhou 息
    Hong Kong 息
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 息
    Shunde 嘞
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 息
    Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 息
    Taishan 息
    Kaiping (Chikan) 息
    Dongguan 息
    Shaoguan 息
    Yunfu 息仔
    Xinyi 息
    Lianjiang 息, 息仔
    Nanning 息, 息仔
    Wuzhou 息
    Yulin 息
    Hepu 曾孫
    Kuala Lumpur 息
    Gan Nanchang 曾孫子, 曾孫
    Lichuan 曾孫崽, 曾孫
    Pingxiang 曾孫
    Hakka Meixian 息仔
    Xingning 息哩
    Huidong (Daling) 息仔
    Qujiang 息子
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 息仔
    Luchuan 重孫
    Changting 息嫲哩
    Pingyu 息子
    Wuping 息嫲子
    Liancheng 息哩
    Yudu 曾孫, 息孫
    Ruijin 曾孫
    Shicheng 玄孫
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 息仔, 息嫲
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 息仔, 息嫲
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 息仔, 息嫲
    Dongshi (Dabu) 息, 息嫲
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 息仔, 息嫲
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 曾孫, 玄孫
    Hong Kong 息
    Sabah 息仔
    Senai 息
    Singkawang 息孫
    Huizhou Jixi 重孫
    Jin Taiyuan 重孫子
    Xinzhou 重孫
    Min Bei Jian'ou 息仔
    Min Dong Fuzhou 曾孫
    Min Nan Xiamen 橄欖孫
    Quanzhou 橄欖孫
    Zhangzhou 橄欖孫
    Taipei 橄欖孫
    Kaohsiung 橄欖孫
    Tainan 橄欖孫
    Taichung 橄欖孫
    Wuqi 橄欖孫
    Hsinchu 橄欖孫
    Taitung 橄欖孫
    Lukang 橄欖孫
    Yilan 橄欖孫
    Magong 橄欖孫
    Penang 橄欖孫
    Philippines (Manila) 橄欖孫
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 息仔
    Chaozhou 重孫
    Johor Bahru 橄欖孫
    Haikou 息, 妰𡝃息 †
    Leizhou 息
    Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 孫息, 息仔, 重孫仔
    Guilin (Dahe) 重孫子
    Wu Shanghai 曾孫
    Suzhou 玄孫
    Hangzhou 重孫
    Wenzhou 玄孫
    Chongming 玄孫
    Danyang 重孫
    Jinhua 玄孫
    Ningbo 重孫
    Xiang Changsha 曾孫子
    Loudi 曾孫
    Quanzhou 重孫, 息崽
    Note † - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term

    Etymology 3Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see 熄 (“to extinguish; to go out”).
    (This character, 息, is the second-round simplified form of 熄.)
    Notes:

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    息

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. breath
    2. live
    3. give birth
    4. nurture
    5. spread, multiply
    6. rest
    7. come to an end

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    EtymologyEdit

    Kanji in this term
    息
    いき
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    息 (hiragana いき, rōmaji iki)

    1. breath
      息 (いき)をする
      iki o suru
      breathe

    See alsoEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    息 (eumhun 쉴 식 (swil sik))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    息

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 息 (iki).

    NounEdit

    息 (hiragana いーち, romaji īchi)

    1. breath

    Derived termsEdit

    • 一息 (ちゅいーち, chuīchi, “a single breath, puff; a pause; a small effort”)

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    息 (tức)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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