修

See also: 脩

修	U+4FEE, 修 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FEE

← 俭
[U+4FED]

CJK Unified Ideographs

俯 →
[U+4FEF]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

修 (radical 9, 人+7 in Chinese, 人+8 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人中人竹 (OLOH), four-corner 2822₂, composition ⿲亻丨⿱夂彡(G) or ⿲亻丨㣊(HTJKV))

Usage notesEdit

Note that in Korean, Japanese and Traditional Chinese scripts, this character is written with ten strokes (as seen in the Kangxi Dictionary) rather than nine as in Simplified. The difference is in the component 攵 vs. 夂.

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 106, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 721
Dae Jaweon: page 225, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 159, character 2
Unihan data for U+4FEE

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		修
alternative forms		俢㣊 second round simplified

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 修

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Small seal script**
s06485

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L33637	L33638	L33639	L33640	L33641	L11965	L11966	L11967
L11968	L11969

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (攸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
絛	*l̥ʰɯːw
窱	ʔl'ɯːwʔ, l̥ʰɯːws
蓧	l̥ʰɯːw, l'ɯːwɢ
條	*l'ɯːw
鋚	*l'ɯːw
鞗	*l'ɯːw
樤	*l'ɯːw
鰷	*l'ɯːw
莜	*l'ɯːws
翛	slɯːw, hljɯwɢ
筱	*slɯːwʔ
篠	*slɯːwʔ
修	*slɯw
脩	*slɯw
樇	*slɯw
滫	*slɯwʔ
悠	*lɯw
攸	*lɯw
浟	*lɯw
蓨	*l̥ʰɯːwɢ
滌	*l'ɯːwɢ
儵	*hljɯwɢ
倐	*hljɯwɢ
倏	*hljɯwɢ
虪	*hljɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *slɯw): phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 彡.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiū (xiu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ

(Chengdu, SP): xiu¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): sau¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siû
Min Bei (KCR): siú
Min Dong (BUC): siŭ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): siu

(Teochew, Peng'im): siu¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xiū
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ
  - Wade–Giles: hsiu¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiou
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjoʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xiu¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiəu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sau¹
  - Yale: sāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: seo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siû
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕi̯u²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siu
  - Tâi-lô: siu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu³³/

Middle Chinese: /sɨu/

Rime
Character	修
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息流切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/siu/
Shao Rongfen	/siəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suw/
Li Rong	/siu/
Wang Li	/sĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-liw/

(Zhengzhang): /*slɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	修
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiū
Middle Chinese	‹ sjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*s-liw/
English	adorn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.