兢兢業業

See also: 兢兢业业

Chinese edit

			fearful; apprehensive; lofty fearful; apprehensive; lofty; large
trad. (兢兢業業)		兢兢	業業
simp. (兢兢业业)		兢兢	业业

Etymology edit

From the Book of Documents (《尚書·皐陶謨》):

無教逸欲。有邦兢兢業業，一日二日萬幾。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

无教逸欲。有邦兢兢业业，一日二日万几。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Wú jiào yì yù. Yǒu bāng jīngjīng yèyè, yīrì èrrì wànjī. [Pinyin]

Let not (the Son of Heaven) set to the holders of states the example of indolence or dissoluteness. Let him be wary and fearful, (remembering that) in one day or two days there may occur ten thousand springs of things.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngjīngyèyè

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥㄧㄝˋ ㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ ging¹ jip⁶ jip⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngjīngyèyè
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥㄧㄝˋ ㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingjingyèyè
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-ching¹-yeh⁴-yeh⁴
  - Yale: jīng-jīng-yè-yè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjingyehyeh
  - Palladius: цзинцзинъее (czinczinʺjeje)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging¹ ging¹ jip⁶ jip⁶
  - Yale: gīng gīng yihp yihp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ ging¹ jip⁹ jip⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ ging¹ yib⁶ yib⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːp̚² jiːp̚²/

Middle Chinese: king king ngjaep ngjaep

Rime
Character	兢	業
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	嚴 (147)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居陵切	魚怯切
Baxter	king	ngjaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨŋ/	/ŋɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨŋ/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kieŋ/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiŋ/	/ŋɨap̚/
Li Rong	/kiəŋ/	/ŋiap̚/
Wang Li	/kĭəŋ/	/ŋĭɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əŋ/	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging¹	jip⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kɯŋ kɯŋ ŋab ŋab/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	兢	業
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6845	14819
Phonetic component	兢	業
Rime group	蒸	盍
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	兢	業
Old Chinese	/*kɯŋ/	/*ŋab/

Idiom edit

兢兢業業

(ideophonic) cautious and conscientious; diligent and attentive

Derived terms edit

兢業／兢业 (jīngyè)