冶

冶 U+51B6, 冶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B6 ← 况 [U+51B5] CJK Unified Ideographs 冷 → [U+51B7]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

冶 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一戈口 (IMIR), four-corner 3316₀, composition ⿰冫台)

Derived characters

• 𬜷

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1621
• Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 296, character 7
• Unihan data for U+51B6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冶
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yě (ye³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yâ
• Northern Min (KCR): iǎ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iá

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yě
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yě
    • Wade–Giles: yeh³
    • Yale: yě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yee
    • Palladius: е (je)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: je⁵
    • Yale: yéh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: je⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yé⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ia´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯a²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǎ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá
    • Tâi-lô: iá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ia⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ia⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: yaeX

Rime
Character	冶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊者切
Baxter	yaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/jiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/iaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaX/
Li Rong	/iaX/
Wang Li	/jĭaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冶
Reading #	1/1
No.	14811
Phonetic component	冶
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	野
Old Chinese	/*laːʔ/

Definitions

冶

1. to smelt (metal)

   冶煉／冶炼  ―  yěliàn  ―  to smelt (metal)

   冶金  ―  yějīn  ―  metallurgy

   陶冶  ―  táoyě  ―  to make pottery and smelt metal; (by extension) to shape; to cultivate

2. ^† smelter (someone who casts metal)
3. ^† smelting furnace
4. ^† smelter (a place where smelting or casting is done)
5. (derogatory, of woman's look) seductive; bewitching

   妖冶  ―  yāoyě  ―  seductive; bewitching

   冶容  ―  yěróng  ―  to dress up seductively; seductive look

6. ^† Alternative form of 野
7. a surname

Compounds

• 丰姿冶麗
• 佳冶
• 倡條冶葉／倡条冶叶
• 公冶 (Gōngyě)
• 公冶長／公冶长
• 冶坊
• 冶容 (yěróng)
• 冶容誨淫／冶容诲淫
• 冶工
• 冶煉／冶炼 (yěliàn)
• 冶父
• 冶葛
• 冶葉倡條／冶叶倡条
• 冶蕩／冶荡
• 冶豔／冶艳
• 冶遊／冶游 (yěyóu)
• 冶金 (yějīn)
• 大冶 (Dàyě)
• 大冶鐵礦／大冶铁矿
• 大冶鐵路／大冶铁路
• 妖冶 (yāoyě)
• 姚冶
• 嬌冶／娇冶
• 宋畫吳冶／宋画吴冶
• 容冶
• 弓冶
• 朝冶
• 歐冶子／欧冶子
• 歐冶鑄劍／欧冶铸剑
• 舉止閑冶／举止闲冶
• 良冶
• 融冶
• 豔冶／艳冶 (yànyě)
• 遊冶／游冶
• 鍊冶／炼冶
• 鎔冶／镕冶 (róngyě)
• 鑪冶／𬬻冶
• 陶冶 (táoyě)
• 電冶／电冶

 

Japanese

Kanji

冶

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. smelting

Readings

• Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kun: いる (iru, 冶る)

Compounds

Compounds

• 冶金(やきん) (yakin): metallurgy
• 冶容(やよう) (yayō): to put on makeup; a charming figure

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冶 (MC yaeX).

Historical Readings
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1]	불무 (Yale: pwùlmwù)	야〯 (Yale: yă)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ja̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

冶 (eumhun 풀무 야 (pulmu ya))

1. Hanja form^? of 야 (“lewd, NSFW, erotic, sexy”). [prefix; adjectival root]
2. Hanja form^? of 야 (“smelting; smelter”). [affix]

Compounds

Compounds

• 야공 (冶工, yagong, “smelter”)
• 야금 (冶金, yageum, “metallurgy”)
• 야동 (冶動, yadong, “porn video”)
• 야사 (冶寫, yasa, “NSFW photo”)
• 야설 (冶說, yaseol, “erotic fiction”)
• 야용 (冶容, yayong, “dressing up seductively”)
• 단야 (鍛冶, danya, “smelting”)
• 도야 (陶冶, doya, “self-cultivation”)

Vietnamese

Han character

冶: Hán Nôm readings: dã

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation