や
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JapaneseEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Etymology 1Edit
Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 也 in the cursive sōsho style.
PronunciationEdit
SyllableEdit
や (romaji ya)
- The hiragana syllable や (ya). Its equivalent in katakana is ヤ (ya). It is the thirty-sixth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is や行あ段 (ya-gyō a-dan, “row ya, section a”).
See alsoEdit
- (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐ゐ゙, 𛄟, ゑ𛅑ゑ゙, を𛅒を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
Usage notesEdit
- Used to conjoin nouns, や (ya) may imply that the list is not limited to the nouns named. Contrast with と (to), the other particle typically used to conjoin nouns, which implies that the list is limited to the stated nouns.
- It is not used in legal documents or academic papers because it lacks comprehensiveness or exhaustiveness. For example, “AやB” often implies that in addition to A and B, something else is also included.
Etymology 3Edit
Phonetic change of じゃ (ja) in the late Edo period
VerbEdit
- (Kansai, Shikoku, Hokuriku, Fukuoka) is, are
- Variation on the Japanese copula だ (da), associated with Kansai dialect, particularly Ōsaka. The use of や (ya) is common in fictional dialogue attributed to characters from Ōsaka.
- まあ、ぼちぼちやなあ。
- Mā, bochibochi ya nā.
- Well, things are slow. (a stereotypical Ōsaka expression)
- 2016, Makoto Shinkai, director, 君の名は。 [your name.], Toho, spoken by Mitsuha Miyamizu (Mone Kamishiraishi):
- もうこんな町嫌や!こんな人生嫌や!
- Mō konna machi iya ya! Konna jinsei iya ya!
- I'm sick of this town! I'm sick of living like this!
Usage notesEdit
- This word is phonologically enclitic, like particles, since it is basically a contraction of a particle (で) and a verb. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of "や" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
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Imperfective (未然形) | や | ya | ||
Continuative (連用形) | で | de | ||
Terminal (終止形) | や | da | ||
Attributive (連体形) | である | de aru | ||
Hypothetical (仮定形) | なら であれ |
nara de are | ||
Imperative (命令形) | - | - | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | - | - | ||
Causative | - | - | ||
Potential | - | - | ||
Volitional | やろう¹ | yarō¹ | ||
Negative | やない | ya nai | ||
Negative continuative | やのうて² やなくて² |
ya nōte² ya nakute² | ||
Formal | です, だす³, どす³ | desu, dasu³, dosu³ | ||
Perfective | やった | yatta | ||
Conjunctive | で やって |
de yatte | ||
Hypothetical conditional | ならば であれば やったら |
naraba de areba yattara | ||
¹ usually shortened to やろ (yaro). ² often replaced to an alternative expression とちごうて (to chigōte). ³ だす (dasu) is used in traditional Osaka dialect and どす (dosu) is used in traditional Kyoto dialect. |
Etymology 4Edit
Alternative formsEdit
- やー (yā)
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
や • (ya) -na (adnominal やな (ya na), adverbial やに (ya ni))
InflectionEdit
Inflection of や
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | やだろ | ya daro | |
Continuative (連用形) | やで | ya de | |
Terminal (終止形) | やだ | ya da | |
Attributive (連体形) | やな | ya na | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | やなら | ya nara | |
Imperative (命令形) | やであれ | ya de are | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | やではない やじゃない |
ya de wa nai ya ja nai | |
Informal past | やだった | ya datta | |
Informal negative past | やではなかった やじゃなかった |
ya de wa nakatta ya ja nakatta | |
Formal | やです | ya desu | |
Formal negative | やではありません やじゃありません |
ya de wa arimasen ya ja arimasen | |
Formal past | やでした | ya deshita | |
Formal negative past | やではありませんでした やじゃありませんでした |
ya de wa arimasen deshita ya ja arimasen deshita | |
Conjunctive | やで | ya de | |
Conditional | やなら(ば) | ya nara (ba) | |
Provisional | やだったら | ya dattara | |
Volitional | やだろう | ya darō | |
Adverbial | やに | ya ni | |
Degree | やさ | yasa |
See alsoEdit
- やだ (yada)
Etymology 5Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of や – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, や, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as や, see Category:Japanese kanji read as や.) |
Etymology 6Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of や – see the following entries. | ||
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(This term, や, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as や, see Category:Japanese kanji read as や.) |
Etymology 7Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of や – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, や, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as や, see Category:Japanese kanji read as や.) |
Etymology 8Edit
Alternative spelling |
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輻 |
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
OkinawanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *wa, from Proto-Japonic *pa. Cognate with Japanese は (wa).
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
や (ya)
- topic marker
- 今日や良い天気でーびる。
- Chū-ya ii tinchi dēbiru.
- It is a fine day.
- (literally, “today + as for + good + weather + is”)
- 今日や良い天気でーびる。
Usage notesEdit
Used after words ending in long vowels.
ReferencesEdit
- “や” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- 1902, E. R. Edwards, nouts ɔn kəɹiən ən ˈluwˈtʃuwən, in lə mɛːtrə fɔnetik, p.114