從前

See also: 从前

Chinese edit

		from; obey; observe from; obey; observe; follow; second cousin; lax; yielding; unhurried	front, forepart; in front; past front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward
trad. (從前)		從	前
simp. (从前)		从	前

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cóngqián

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄑㄧㄢˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цунчян (cunči͡an, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴ cin⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): cung² qien²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhiùng-chhièn

(Meixian, Guangdong): qiung² qiên²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiông-chêng / chiông-chûiⁿ / chiông-chiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): cong⁵ zoin⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zon-zhi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cóngqián
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄑㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cóngcián
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻung²-chʻien²
  - Yale: tsúng-chyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorngchyan
  - Palladius: цунцянь (cuncjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цунчян (cunči͡an, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ t͡ɕʰiæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cung⁴ cin⁴
  - Yale: chùhng chìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴ tsin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung⁴ qin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cung² qien²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ t͡ɕʰiɛn²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng-chhièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiungˇ qienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiung² qian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qiung² qiên²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiʊŋ¹¹ t͡sʰiɛn¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiông-chêng
  - Tâi-lô: tsiông-tsîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciongzeeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiông-chûiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsiông-tsuînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciongzvuii
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiông-chiân
  - Tâi-lô: tsiông-tsiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciongcieen
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cong⁵ zoin⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshông tsôiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zon-zhi
  - MiniDict: zon^去 zhi
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zon-xxi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zoŋ²² ʑi⁴⁴/

Noun edit

從前

the past; past times; former times
- 誠偽是品性，卻又是態度。從前論人誠偽，大概就品性而言。 [MSC, trad.]
  诚伪是品性，却又是态度。从前论人诚伪，大概就品性而言。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 《論誠意》
  Chéngwěi shì pǐnxìng, què yòu shì tàidù. Cóngqián lùn rén chéngwěi, dàgài jiù pǐnxìng éryán. [Pinyin]
  Sincerity and hypocrisy make up our moral character, but they also inform our attitude. In the past, when talking of sincerity and hypocrisy, discussions centred mostly on moral character.

Synonyms edit

以往 (yǐwǎng)
前時／前时 (qiánshí) (literary)
原來／原来 (yuánlái)
向時／向时 (xiàngshí)
向時仔／向时仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
夙昔 (sùxī) (literary)
已往 (yǐwǎng)
平昔 (píngxī) (literary)
往前 (wǎngqián)
往常 (wǎngcháng)
往日 (wǎngrì) (literary)
往昔 (wǎngxī) (literary)
往時／往时 (wǎngshí)
往時仔／往时仔 (Min Nan)
既往 (jìwǎng)
日前 (rìqián) (literary)
日者 (rìzhě) (literary)
早日 (zǎorì)
昔年 (xīnián) (literary)
昔日 (xīrì) (literary)
昔者 (xīzhě) (literary)
曩昔 (nǎngxī) (literary)
異日／异日 (yìrì) (literary)
當年／当年
疇昔／畴昔 (chóuxī) (literary)
素日 (sùrì) (literary)
老底子 (lǎodǐzi) (dialectal)
舊底／旧底 (gau⁶ dai²) (Cantonese, Min Nan)
舊時／旧时 (jiùshí)
舊陣時／旧阵时 (Cantonese)
過去／过去 (guòqù)
過往／过往 (guòwǎng)

上早 (Hakka)
以前 (yǐqián)
先前 (xiānqián)
先行 (xiānxíng) (literary)
其先 (qíxiān) (literary)
前往 (qiánwǎng) (literary)
原在 (Hakka)
古者 (gǔzhě) (archaic)
向來／向来 (xiànglái) (archaic)
嘗／尝 (cháng) (literary, or used in compounds)
在前 (zàiqián)
家先 (Hakka)
往擺／往摆 (Hakka, Hokkien)
往擺仔／往摆仔 (Hokkien)
往者 (wǎngzhě) (literary)
往過／往过 (Hokkien)
往過仔／往过仔 (Hokkien)
早先 (zǎoxiān)
早年所 (Hokkien)
早時／早时 (Hokkien)
昔日 (xīrì) (literary)
昔時／昔时 (xīshí) (literary)
曾
曾經／曾经 (céngjīng)
當初／当初 (dāngchū)
舊擺／旧摆 (Singapore Hokkien)
舊早／旧早 (Singapore Hokkien)
過前／过前 (Hainanese)