恭敬

Chinese

		respectful	to respect; to venerate; to salute to respect; to venerate; to salute; to offer
trad. (恭敬)		恭	敬
simp. #(恭敬)		恭	敬

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōngjìng

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ ging³

• Gan (Wiktionary): gung¹ jin
• Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng-géng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiong-kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giong¹ gêng³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gongjìng
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹-ching⁴
    • Yale: gūng-jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjinq
    • Palladius: гунцзин (gunczin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹ ging³
    • Yale: gūng ging
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ ging³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ ging³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gung¹ jin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁴² t͡ɕin²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng-géng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)ŋɛiŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kiong-kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiongkexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giong¹ gêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong kèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kioŋ³³⁻²³ keŋ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: kjowng kjaengH

Rime
Character	恭	敬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	九容切	居慶切
Baxter	kjowng	kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ/	/kˠiæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ/	/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ/	/kiaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ/	/kiajŋH/
Li Rong	/kioŋ/	/kiɐŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ/	/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ/	/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1	ging3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ  kreŋ(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ  kreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恭	敬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowng ›	‹ kjængH ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>oŋ/	/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English	respectful	respectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恭	敬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4166	6885
Phonetic component	共	敬
Rime group	東	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	恭	敬
Old Chinese	/*kloŋ/	/*kreŋs/

Adjective

恭敬

1. respectful; deferential

   • 維桑與梓，必恭敬止。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     维桑与梓，必恭敬止。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wéi sāng yǔ zǐ, bì gōngjìng zhǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• 恭順／恭顺 (gōngshùn)
• 敬 (jìng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 敬虔 (jìngqián)
• 莊嚴／庄严 (zhuāngyán)
• 莊敬／庄敬 (zhuāngjìng) (literary)
• 虔恪 (qiánkè) (literary)
• 虔敬 (qiánjìng)
• 虔誠／虔诚 (qiánchéng)

 

Derived terms

• 恭恭敬敬 (gōnggōngjìngjìng)
• 恭敬不如從命／恭敬不如从命

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (恭敬):

• → Japanese: 恭(きょう)敬(けい) (kyōkei); 恭(く)敬(ぎょう) (kugyō)
• → Korean: 공경(恭敬) (gonggyeong)

See also

• 恭謹／恭谨 (gōngjǐn)
• 謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)

Korean

Hanja in this term
恭	敬

Noun

恭敬 • (gonggyeong) (hangeul 공경)

1. Hanja form^? of 공경 (“respectful; deferential”).