恭

恭	U+606D, 恭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606D

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

恭 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿金心 (TCP), four-corner 4433₈, composition ⿱共㣺)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 385, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10596
Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2299, character 9
Unihan data for U+606D

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		恭
2nd round simp.		⿱共小
alternative forms		𢙄龔／龚龏供

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 恭
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
港	kroːŋʔ, ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	ɡroːŋs, ɡloːŋs
烘	qʰloːŋ, qʰloːŋs, ɡoːŋ, ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	kloŋ, kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	kloŋ, kloŋʔ
共	kloŋ, ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	kloŋʔ, kloɡ
蛬	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloŋ): phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs, “heart”) + semantic 心

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gōng (gong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гун (gun, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): gung¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): guung¹
Gan (Wiktionary): gung¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiûng

(Meixian, Guangdong): giung¹
Jin (Wiktionary): gung¹
Min Bei (KCR): gé̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): gṳ̆ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): giong¹
Wu (Wiktionary): kon (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gong
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹
  - Yale: gūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гун (gun, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹
  - Yale: gūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: guung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵŋ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: giung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ciʊŋ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gung¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
  - Tâi-lô: kiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giong¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kioŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: kon (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 恭
Mandarin	Beijing	/kuŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kuŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kuŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/kuŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kəŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/kuŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kuŋ²¹/
	Xining	/kuə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kuŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/kũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/kuŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/koŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/koŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/koŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/koŋ/
	Nanjing	/koŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/kəŋ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/kuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/koŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/koŋ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/koŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕyɔ³³/ /koŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/kuʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/koŋ³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kiuŋ⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/koŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/kuŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kuŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kiɔŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kyŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kœyŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kioŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/koŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: /kɨoŋ/

Rime
Character	恭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ/
Li Rong	/kioŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>oŋ/
English	respectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恭
Reading #	1/1
No.	4166
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恭
Old Chinese	/*kloŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

恭

CompoundsEdit

不恭 (bùgōng)
兄友弟恭 (xiōngyǒudìgōng)
出大恭 (chū dàgōng)
出小恭
出恭 (chūgōng)
大恭 (dàgōng)
恭人 (gōngrén)
恭候 (gōnghòu)
恭喜 (gōngxǐ)
恭士
恭己
恭己待人
恭恭敬敬 (gōnggōngjìngjìng)
恭敬 (gōngjìng)
恭本
恭桶
恭楷
恭迎 (gōngyíng)
恭送

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

恭

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

respect

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
Kun: うやうやしい (uyauyashii, 恭しい, Jōyō)
Nanori: きよ (kiyo); たかし (takashi); やす (yasu); やすし (yasushi); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

恭 (eumhun 공손할 공 (gongsonhal gong))

Hanja form^? of 공 (“respectful, polite, reverent”).

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

恭: Hán Nôm readings: cung

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.