容

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

容 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十金人口 (JCOR), four-corner 3060₈, composition ⿱宀谷)

Derived characters

傛, 塎, 嫆, 嵱, 彮, 愹, 搈, 榕, 溶, 熔, 瑢, 穃, 蓉, 褣, 鎔(镕), 鰫(𫚦), 㼸, 䈶, 䡥, 𠹍, 𣘏, 𣤄, 𣫾, 𣯔, 𦗋, 𧯉, 𩔜, 𪃾, 𪿮, 𫃻, 𫍇, 𫚦, 𫶎, 𬁎, 𬠣, 𬲄

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 287, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7172
Dae Jaweon: page 567, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 933, character 17
Unihan data for U+5BB9

Chinese

simp. and trad.		容
alternative forms		㝐 ancient 頌 “looks” 𠕺

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 容
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
螸	*lo
裕	*loɡs
容	*loŋ
溶	loŋ, loŋʔ
鎔	*loŋ
蓉	*loŋ
傛	loŋ, loŋʔ
褣	*loŋ
搈	*loŋ
瑢	*loŋ
嵱	*loŋ
熔	*loŋ
榕	*loŋ
塎	*loŋʔ
谷	ɦkroːɡ, kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ
唂	*kloːɡ
焀	*ɡloːɡ
俗	*ljoɡ
欲	*loɡ
浴	*loɡ
鵒	*loɡ
峪	*ɦkloːɡ
鋊	*loɡ
輍	*loɡ
慾	*loɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ) – to hold; to contain.

容 has also largely supplanted 頌 (OC *sɢloŋs, *loŋ) for the sense of “appearance”.

Etymology

Note phonetic and semantic resemblance to Burmese ယောင် (yaung, “appearance, semblance”), though the discrepancy in initials is problematic (Luce, 1981).

“ronna-”: Phono-semantic matching of English ronna-. Coined by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation on World Metrology Day in 2023 (20 May 2023).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): róng (rong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yong²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jung⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yuung³
Gan (Wiktionary): iung⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yùng

(Meixian, Guangdong): yung²
Northern Min (KCR): ě̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀ng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeng² / yeng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iông

(Teochew, Peng'im): iong⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: róng
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: róng
  - Wade–Giles: jung²
  - Yale: rúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rong
  - Palladius: жун (žun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yong²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: yng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jung⁴
  - Yale: yùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yuung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɵŋ²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: iung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iuŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yung²
  - Sinological IPA: /iʊŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ě̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /œyŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /œŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: yeng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yøŋ¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iông
  - Tâi-lô: iông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ioong
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yon
  - MiniDict: yon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhion
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦioŋ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: in²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in¹³/

Middle Chinese: yowng

Rime
Character	容
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘封切
Baxter	yowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)oŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*loŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	容	容
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	róng	róng
Middle Chinese	‹ yowng ›	‹ yowng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)oŋ/	/*[ɢ](r)oŋ/
English	contain	appearance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	容
Reading #	1/1
No.	4284
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	容
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
Notes	說文古文從公，小徐作谷聲

Definitions

容

to hold; to contain
每間教室能容20多個學生。 [MSC, trad.]
每间教室能容20多个学生。 [MSC, simp.]
Měi jiān jiàoshì néng róng 20 duō ge xuéshēng. [Pinyin]
Each classroom can hold 20-odd students.
to tolerate; to stand
寬容／宽容 ― kuānróng ― to be lenient

容不得別人批評／容不得别人批评 ― róng bude biérén pīpíng ― cannot stand others' criticism
to allow; to permit
請容我說兩句／请容我说两句 ― qǐng róng wǒ shuō liǎng jù ― Please allow me to say something
(literary) perhaps; maybe
facial appearance; looks
笑容 ― xiàoróng ― smile

容光煥發／容光焕发 ― róngguānghuànfā ― (of one's face) to glow with vigour and joy
bearing; posture
市容 ― shìróng ― appearance of a city
Used in 容易 (róngyì) and 容與／容与.
Used in 容容.
a surname
容國團／容国团 ― Róng Guótuán ― Rong Guotuan (Chinese table tennis player)
(～縣) Rong County, Yulin, Guangxi
(Mainland China) ronna- (SI unit prefix)
Synonym: 羅／罗 (luó) (Taiwan)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

容

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ゆう (yū)
Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)
Kun: いれる (ireru, 容れる)、ゆるす (yurusu, 容す)、かたち (katachi)
Nanori: かた (kata)、ひろ (hiro)、まさ (masa)、のり (nori)

Usage notes

Formerly used as man'yōgana for the back-vowel variant 甲類 (kōrui) of よ (yo).

Compounds

冶容(やよう) (yayō): putting on makeup, a charming figure
容量(ようりょう) (yōryō)
容易(ようい) (yōi)
容器(ようき) (yōki)
容赦(ようしゃ) (yōsha)
容認(ようにん) (yōnin)
寛容(かんよう) (kan'yō)
受容(じゅよう) (juyō)
許容(きょよう) (kyoyō)

Etymology 1

Noun

容(かたち) • (katachi)

Alternative form of 形

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
容
よう Grade: 5
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よー [yóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Affix

容(よう) • (yō)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 容 (MC yowng). Recorded as Middle Korean 요ᇰ (yong) (Yale: yong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

容

Wikisource

容 (eumhun 얼굴 용 (eolgul yong))

hanja form^? of 용 (“face; contain”)

Compounds

내용 (內容, naeyong)
수용 (受容, suyong)
허용 (許容, heoyong)
용서 (容恕, yongseo)
용납 (容納, yongnap)
용인 (容認, yong'in)
포용 (包容, poyong)
관용 (寬容, gwanyong)
수용 (收容, suyong)
형용 (形容, hyeong'yong)
용기 (容器, yonggi)
용량 (容量, yongnyang)
종용 (從容, jong'yong)
용안 (容顔, yong'an)
위용 (威容, wiyong)
미용 (美容, miyong)
용모 (容貌, yongmo)
용의자 (容疑者, yong'uija)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

容: Hán Nôm readings: dung, dong, dông, gióng, giông, ròng, rông, rung

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]