桑
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
桑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水水水木 (EEED), four-corner 17904, composition ⿱叒木)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 526, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14772
- Dae Jaweon: page 914, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6851
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 桑 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 桑 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𰗑 | |
| alternative forms | 槡 𣕐 桒 𠭨 𠭌 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 桑 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Etymology 1Edit
Unknown (Schuessler (2007)).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
桑
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
|
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Japanese さん (-san). Compare Min Nan 卡桑 (khà-sàng), 多桑 (tò-sàng), 歐巴桑／欧巴桑 (o͘-bá-sáng), and 歐吉桑／欧吉桑 (o͘-jí-sáng).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
桑
SynonymsEdit
- 生 (shēng)
Related termsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kun: くわ (kuwa, 桑, Jōyō)←くは (kufa, historical)
- Nanori: こ (ko)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桑 |
| くわ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
/kupa/ → /kuɸa/ → /kuwa/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
Ultimate derivation unclear. Definitely not related to Korean 뽕 (ppong, “mulberry tree”) or 오디 (odi, “mulberry fruit”), nor to Ainu テㇱマニ (tesmani, “mulberry tree”) or ツレㇷ゚ニ (turepni, “mulberry tree”).
Some theories suggest this might have originally been a compound. Possible derivations may include:
- A shift from 蚕葉 (kopa, “silkworm + leaf”)
- A shift from 胡葉 (kopa, “non-Chinese people to the west of China + leaf”), possibly referencing the origin of some mulberry species in central Asia
- A contraction of 食ふ葉 (kupu pa, “eat + leaf”), where kupu is the ancient reading of modern 食う (kuu)
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Usage notesEdit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クワ.
This term can refer to the fruit or the tree. For greater specificity, the following may be used:
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桑 |
| そう Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 桑 (MC sɑŋ).
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
- mulberry
- (US) Short for 桑港 (“San Francisco (a city in California, United States)”).
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “桑”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 桑 (MC sɑŋ).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 사ᇰ (Yale: sàng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | ᄲᅩᇰ나모 (Yale: spwòng-nàmwò) | 사ᇰ (Yale: sàng) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [상]
HanjaEdit
桑 (eumhun 뽕나무 상 (ppongnamu sang))
CompoundsEdit
- 궁간상 (弓幹桑, gunggansang)
- 농상 (農桑, nongsang)
- 부상 (扶桑, ^busang)
- 산상 (山桑, sansang)
- 상과 (桑果, sanggwa)
- 상근 (桑根, sanggeun)
- 상년 (桑年, sangnyeon)
- 상목 (桑木, sangmok)
- 상문 (桑門, sangmun)
- 상부 (桑婦, sangbu)
- 상실 (桑實, sangsil)
- 상야 (桑野, sang'ya)
- 상엽 (桑葉, sang'yeop)
- 상전 (桑田, sangjeon)
- 상전벽해 (桑田碧海, sangjeonbyeokhae)
- 상중 (桑中, sangjung)
- 상천우 (桑天牛, sangcheonu)
- 상호 (桑戶, sangho)
- 상호 (桑弧, sangho)
- 상호 (桑扈, sangho)
- 잠상 (蠶桑, jamsang)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
桑: Hán Nôm readings: tang, dâu
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