See also:
U+6851, 桑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6851

[U+6850]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6852]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 75, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水水水木 (EEED), four-corner 17904, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 526, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14772
  • Dae Jaweon: page 914, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6851

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp. 𰗑
alternative forms
𣕐

𠭨
𠭌

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     

Etymology 1 edit

Unknown (Schuessler (2007)).

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • sng - vernacular;
  • song - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /sɑŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /saŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /sɑŋ²¹/
    Jinan /saŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /saŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /saŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /saŋ²¹/
    Xining /sɔ̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /sɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /sɑ̃³¹/
    Ürümqi /sɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /saŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /saŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /saŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /sã̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /saŋ³¹/
    Hefei /sɑ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /sɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /sɑŋ¹³/
    /ɕyə¹³/
    Hohhot /sɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /sɑ̃⁵³/
    Suzhou /sɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /sɑŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /suɔ³³/
    Hui Shexian /so³¹/
    Tunxi /sau¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /san³³/
    Xiangtan /sɔn³³/
    Gan Nanchang /sɔŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /soŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /soŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɔŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /ɬɔŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /sɔŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /sŋ̍⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /souŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /sɯŋ³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /saŋ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (16)
    Final () (101)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter sang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /sɑŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /sɑŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /sɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /saŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /sɑŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /sɑŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /sɑŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    sāng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    song1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    sāng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ sang ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[s]ˁaŋ/
    English mulberry tree

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10980
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sŋaːŋ/

    Definitions edit

    1. mulberry tree
    2. a surname
    Synonyms edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Borrowed from Japanese さん (-san). Compare Min Nan 卡桑 (khà-sàng), 多桑 (tò-sàng), 歐巴桑欧巴桑 (o͘-bá-sáng), and 歐吉桑欧吉桑 (o͘-jí-sáng).

    Pronunciation edit


    Definitions edit

    1. (Mandarin, ACG, Internet slang) -san

    Synonyms edit

    Related terms edit

    • (jiàng, “-chan”), (tàn, “-tan”), (jūn, “-kun”), (yàng, “-sama”)

    References edit

    Japanese edit

     

    Kanji edit

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. mulberry

    Readings edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    くわ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    /kupa//kuɸa//kuwa/

    From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *kupa.

    Ultimate derivation unclear. Definitely not related to Korean (ppong, mulberry tree) or 오디 (odi, mulberry fruit), nor to Ainu テㇱマニ (tesmani, mulberry tree) or ツレㇷ゚ニ (turepni, mulberry tree).

    Some theories suggest this might have originally been a compound. Possible derivations may include:

    • A shift from (kopa, silkworm + leaf)
    • A shift from (kopa, non-Chinese people to the west of China + leaf), possibly referencing the origin of some mulberry species in central Asia
    • A contraction of 食ふ (kupu pa, eat + leaf), where kupu is the ancient reading of modern 食う (kuu)

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (くわ) or (クワ) (kuwaくは (kufa) or クハ (kufa)?

    1. mulberry
    Usage notes edit

    As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クワ.

    This term can refer to the fruit or the tree. For greater specificity, the following may be used:

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    そう
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (MC sang).

    Pronunciation edit

    Affix edit

    (そう) (さう (sau)?

    1. mulberry
    2. (US) Short for 桑港 (San Francisco (a city in California, United States)).

    References edit

    1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC sang).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 사ᇰ (Yale: sàng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] ᄲᅩᇰ나모 (Yale: spwòng-nàmwò) 사ᇰ (Yale: sàng)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 뽕나무 (ppongnamu sang))

    1. Hanja form? of (mulberry tree). [affix]

    Compounds edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: tang, dâu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.