涅槃

Contents

ChineseEdit

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (涅槃)		涅	槃

EtymologyEdit

From Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”) or Pali nibbāna. Compare Thai นิพพาน (níp-paan).

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nièpán

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄆㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nip⁶ pun⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): net-phàn
• Min Nan (POJ): lia̍t-phoân / liap-phoân / lia̍p-phoân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: nièpán
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄆㄢˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niehpanr
    • IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɛ⁵¹ pʰa̠n³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: nip⁶ pun⁴
    • Yale: nihp pùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nip⁹ pun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: nib⁶ pun⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /niːp̚² pʰuːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: net-phàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ned` panˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ned⁵ pan²
    • IPA: /net̚² pʰan¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t-phoân
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍t-phuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liadphoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liap-phoân
    • Tâi-lô: liap-phuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liapphoaan
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liap̚³²⁻⁴ pʰuan²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liap̚³²⁻⁴ pʰuan²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍p-phoân
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍p-phuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liabphoaan
    • IPA (Taipei): /liap̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liap̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /net̚  buɑn/▼

Rime
Character	涅	槃
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	奴結切	薄官切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/net̚/	/buɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/net̚/	/bʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛt̚/	/buɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛt̚/	/bwan/
Li Rong	/net̚/	/buɑn/
Wang Li	/niet̚/	/buɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/niet̚/	/bʱuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	niè	pán

NounEdit

涅槃

1. (Buddhism) nirvana

SynonymsEdit

• 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì)
• 寂滅／寂灭
• 果果 (guǒguǒ)
• (abbreviation) 涅 (niè)

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (涅槃):

• Japanese: 涅 (ね)槃 (はん) (nehan)
• Korean: 열반 (涅槃, yeolban)
• Vietnamese: niết bàn (涅槃)

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JapaneseEdit

Kanji in this term
涅	槃
ね Hyōgaiji	はん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 涅槃 (MC net̚ buɑn), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), or Pali nibbāna.

PronunciationEdit

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ねはん [nèháń] (Heiban – [0])
  • (Tokyo) ね​はん [néꜜhàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • (Tokyo) ねは​ん [nèháꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [ne̞hã̠ɴ]

NounEdit

涅槃 (hiragana ねはん, rōmaji nehan)

1. (Buddhism) nirvana (enlightened experience)
   • 7th century, Heart Sutra

     [...]　無 (む)罣 (け)礙 (げ)故 (こ)。無 (む)有 (う)恐 (く)怖 (ふ)。遠 (おん)離 (り)一切 (いっさい)顛 (てん)倒 (どう)夢 (む)想 (そう)。究 (く)竟 (ぎょう)涅 (ね)槃 (はん)。　[...]

     Mu ke ge ko, mu ku u fu. Onri issai tendō musō, kukyō nehan...

     Because there are no obstacles, there is no fear. Separating from everything, from all upside-down views and from attaining Nirvana, too.

   Synonyms: 寂滅 (jakumetsu), 泥洹 (naion), ニルバーナ (nirubāna)

2. (Buddhism) Short for 仏涅槃 (Butsu-nehan): the death of the Sakyamuni Buddha
3. (Buddhism, by extension) death, dying

   Synonyms: 入寂 (nyūjaku), 入涅槃 (nyūnehan), 入滅 (nyūmetsu)

4. (Buddhism) Short for 涅槃会 (Nehan-e): an annual Buddhist service held on Parinirvana Day

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

• 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)会 (え) (Nehan-e), 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)講 (‐こう) (Nehan‐kō), 仏 (ぶつ)涅槃 (ね)忌 (はんき) (Butsu-nehan-ki)
• 涅槃 (ねはん)原則 (げんそく) (nehan gensoku)
• 涅槃 (ねはん)寂静 (じゃくじょう) (nehan jakujō)
• 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)宗 (しゅう) (Nehan-shū)
• 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)図 (ず) (Nehan-zu), 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)絵 (え) (Nehan-e)
• 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)像 (ぞう) (nehan-zō)
• 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)西 (にし) (nehan nishi), 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)西風 (にしかぜ) (nehan nishikaze)
• 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)門 (もん) (nehan-mon)
• 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)雪 (ゆき) (nehan yuki)
• 有 (う)余 (よ)涅 (ね)槃 (はん) (uyo nehan)
• 究 (く)竟 (きょう)涅 (ね)槃 (はん) (kukyō nehan)
• 生 (しょう)死 (じ)即 (そく)涅 (ね)槃 (はん) (shōji-soku nehan)
• 大般 (だいはつ)涅 (ね)槃 (はん)経 (ぎょう) (Daihatsu Nehan-gyō), 涅 (ね)槃 (はん)経 (ぎょう) (Nehan-gyō, “Nirvana Sutra”)
• 入 (にゅう)涅 (ね)槃 (はん) (nyūnehan)
• 仏 (ぶつ)涅 (ね)槃 (はん) (Butsu-nehan)
• 法 (ほっ)華 (け)涅 (ね)槃 (はん)時 (じ) (Hokke Nehan-ji)
• 無 (む)余 (よ)涅 (ね)槃 (はん) (muyo nehan)

ReferencesEdit