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Translingual
editJapanese | 乗 |
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Simplified | 乘 |
Traditional | 乘 |
Stroke order | |||
Japan |
Han character
edit乘 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 20901, composition ⿻禾北 or ⿻乖人)
Derived characters
editDescendants
edit- (chiefly Japanese): 乗
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
- Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 40, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4E58
Chinese
editEtymology 1
edittrad. | 乘 | |
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simp. # | 乘 | |
alternative forms | 乗 椉/乘 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 乘 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Pictogram (象形) – a person 大 climbing a tree 木, with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form 椉. In this form, simplified to 禾 (“tree and top”) + 北 (“feet”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sing4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshen; 6zen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
- Wade–Giles: chʻêng2
- Yale: chéng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
- Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sing4
- Yale: sìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sing4
- Guangdong Romanization: xing4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
- Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin2
- Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: shin
- Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sing2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: síng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sing2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Note:
- 2tshen - vernacular;
- 3zen - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: zying
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋ/
Definitions
edit乘
- (literary) to ascend; to go up
- (literary) to drive (a horse, cart, etc.)
- to take (a form of transport)
- to make use of; to take advantage of
- (literary) to pursue; to attack
- (arithmetic) to multiply
- a surname
Antonyms
edit- (antonym(s) of “to multiply”): 除 (chú)
Compounds
edit- 三乘比
- 乘亂 / 乘乱
- 乘亂坐大 / 乘乱坐大
- 乘人不備 / 乘人不备
- 乘人之危 (chéngrénzhīwēi)
- 乘人之厄
- 乘便 (chéngbiàn)
- 乘偽行詐 / 乘伪行诈
- 乘傳 / 乘传
- 乘其不備 / 乘其不备
- 乘其不意
- 乘冪 / 乘幂 (chéngmì)
- 乘凶完配
- 乘務員 / 乘务员 (chéngwùyuán)
- 乘勝追擊 / 乘胜追击 (chéngshèngzhuījī)
- 乘勝逐北 / 乘胜逐北
- 乘勢 / 乘势 (chéngshì)
- 乘化
- 乘危
- 乘員 / 乘员 (chéngyuán)
- 乘坐 (chéngzuò)
- 乘堅策肥 / 乘坚策肥
- 乘堅驅良 / 乘坚驱良
- 乘夜 (chéngyè)
- 乘奔御風 / 乘奔御风
- 乘客 (chéngkè)
- 乘搭 (chéngdā)
- 乘數 / 乘数 (chéngshù)
- 乘方 (chéngfāng)
- 乘時 / 乘时 (chéngshí)
- 乘月 (chéngyuè)
- 乘桴
- 乘槎
- 乘機 / 乘机 (chéngjī)
- 乘機坐大 / 乘机坐大
- 乘機應變 / 乘机应变
- 乘法 (chéngfǎ)
- 乘流
- 乘涼 / 乘凉 (chéngliáng)
- 乘火打劫 (chénghuǒdǎjié)
- 乘田
- 乘積 / 乘积 (chéngjī)
- 乘空
- 乘肩
- 乘肥衣輕 / 乘肥衣轻
- 乘興 / 乘兴 (chéngxìng)
- 乘興而來 / 乘兴而来
- 乘船 (chéngchuán)
- 乘虛 / 乘虚 (chéngxū)
- 乘虛而入 / 乘虚而入 (chéngxū'érrù)
- 乘號 / 乘号 (chénghào)
- 乘車 / 乘车 (chéngchē)
- 乘車戴笠 / 乘车戴笠
- 乘軒 / 乘轩
- 乘軒鶴 / 乘轩鹤
- 乘輕驅肥 / 乘轻驱肥
- 乘輿 / 乘舆
- 乘輿播越 / 乘舆播越
- 乘輿播遷 / 乘舆播迁
- 乘酒
- 乘間 / 乘间 (chéngjiàn)
- 乘間投隙 / 乘间投隙
- 乘除 (chéngchú)
- 乘隙 (chéngxì)
- 乘隙而入 (chéngxì'érrù)
- 乘雲 / 乘云 (chéngyún)
- 乘風破浪 / 乘风破浪 (chéngfēngpòlàng)
- 乘鶴 / 乘鹤
- 乘鶴駕雲 / 乘鹤驾云
- 乘鸞跨鳳 / 乘鸾跨凤
- 乘黃 / 乘黄
- 乘龍 / 乘龙 (chénglóng)
- 乘龍佳婿 / 乘龙佳婿 (chénglóngjiāxù)
- 乘龍快婿 / 乘龙快婿 (chénglóng kuàixù)
- 伍員乘潮 / 伍员乘潮
- 共乘 (gòngchéng)
- 出乘
- 加減乘除 / 加减乘除 (jiājiǎn chéngchú)
- 可乘之機 / 可乘之机 (kěchéngzhījī)
- 可乘之隙
- 因利乘便 (yīnlìchéngbiàn)
- 搭乘 (dāchéng)
- 摶柱乘梁
- 有機可乘 / 有机可乘 (yǒujīkěchéng)
- 有隙可乘 (yǒuxìkěchéng)
- 服冕乘軒 / 服冕乘轩
- 無勢可乘 / 无势可乘
- 無機可乘 / 无机可乘
- 無隙可乘 / 无隙可乘 (wúxìkěchéng)
- 琴高乘鯉 / 琴高乘鲤
- 盛衰相乘
- 竊幸乘寵 / 窃幸乘宠
- 老鶴乘軒 / 老鹤乘轩
- 自乘 (zìchéng)
- 被乘數 / 被乘数 (bèichéngshù)
- 變亂紛乘 / 变乱纷乘
- 貨幣乘數 / 货币乘数
- 超乘
- 跨鳳乘鸞 / 跨凤乘鸾
- 跨鳳乘龍 / 跨凤乘龙
- 迭乘
- 陪乘
- 階乘 / 阶乘 (jiēchéng)
- 飛蓬乘風 / 飞蓬乘风
- 飛龍乘雲 / 飞龙乘云
- 騎乘 / 骑乘 (qíchéng)
- 鶴乘軒 / 鹤乘轩
- 黃帝乘龍 / 黄帝乘龙
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Tocharian B klenke (“vehicle”) or Tocharian B klānk, Tocharian A klānk (“to ride, travel (by vehicle)”).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sing6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing5
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
- Wade–Giles: shêng4
- Yale: shèng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
- Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
- Wade–Giles: chʻêng2
- Yale: chéng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
- Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: chéng - Mainland standard for the Buddhism sense.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sing6
- Yale: sihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sing6
- Guangdong Romanization: xing6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɪŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
- Hakka Romanization System: siin
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin4
- Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: shinˇ
- Sinological IPA: /ʃin¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sing5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sing5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: zyingH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋs/
Definitions
edit乘
- (literary) war chariot drawn by four horses; (imperial) carriage
- c. 700, 管仲, “權脩第三”, in 管子 [Guanzi]:
- 萬乘之國,兵不可以無主。土地博大,野不可以無吏。
- Wàn shèng zhī guó, bīng bù kěyǐ wúzhǔ. Tǔdì bódà, yě bù kěyǐ wú lì.
- "In a state with ten thousand chariots, the army cannot be without a commander. In a country of vast land, the land cannot be without officials."
- (literary) Classifier for carriages drawn by four horses.
- 1885, “檀弓下”, in James Legge, transl., 禮記 [The Book of Rites]:
- 君之適長殤, 車三乘; 公之底長殤, 車一乘; 大夫之適長殤, 車一系
- Jūn zhī shì zhǎng shāng, chē sān shèng; gōng zhī dǐ zhǎng shāng, chē yī shèng; dàfū zhī shì zhǎng shāng, chē yī xì
- "(At the funeral of) a ruler's eldest son by his acknowledged wife, who has died under age, there are three (small) carriages (with the flesh of sacrifice to be put at grave). At that of an eldest son by one of his concubines, dying under age, there is one such carriage; as at the funeral of the eldest rightful son of a Great officer in the same circumstances."
- (literary) history book
- 史乘 ― shǐshèng ― historical records
- (Buddhism) vehicle; creed; yana
Compounds
editReferences
edit- “乘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “乘”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 30.
- ^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390
Japanese
edit乗 | |
乘 |
Kanji
edit乘
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 乗)
Readings
editKorean
editHanja
edit- to mount, to ride
- to take (a form of transport)
- (arithmetic) exponent
References
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit乘: Hán Nôm readings: thừa, thặng, thắng
Verb
edit乘
- chữ Hán form of thừa (“(only in fixed expressions) to take advantage of (an opportunity)”).
References
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