Wiktionary

乘

See also: 乗, 椉, and 埀
乘 U+4E58, 乘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E58
← 乗
[U+4E57] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乙 →
[U+4E59]

Translingual edit

Japanese 乗
Simplified 乘
Traditional 乘
Stroke order
Japan
 

Han character edit

乘 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 20901, composition ⿻禾北 or ⿻乖人)

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

  • (chiefly Japanese): 乗

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
  • Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 40, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E58

Chinese edit

trad. 乘
simp. # 乘
alternative forms 乗
椉／乘

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 乘
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Oracle bone script
 

j14101

 

j14102

 

j14103

 

j14104

 

j14105

 

j14106

 

j14107

 

j14108

 

j14109

 

j14110

 

j14111

 

j14112

 

j14113

 

j14114

 

j14115

 

j14116

 

j14117

 

j14118

 

j14119

 

j14120

 

j14121

 

j14122

 

j14123

 

j14124

 

j14125

 

j14126

 

j14127

 

j14128

 

j14129

 

j14130

 

j14131

 

j14132

 

j14133

 

j14134

 

j14135

 

j14136

 

j14137

Bronze inscriptions
 

b08546

 

b08547

 

b08548

 

b08549

 

b08550

 

b08551

 

b08552

 

b08553

 

b08554

 

b08555

 

b08556

 

b08557

 

b08558

 

b08559

 

b08560

Small seal script
 

s03944

 

s03945

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L33335

 

L33336

 

L33337

 

L33338

 

L33339

 

L33340

 

L33341

 

L33342

 

L33343

 

L33344

 

L11109

 

L11110

 

L11111

 

L11112

 

L11113

 

L11114

 

L11115

 

L11116

 

L11117

 

L11118

 

L11119

 

L11120

 

L11121

 

L11122

 

L11123

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
乘 *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs
溗 *ɦljɯŋ
塖 *ɦljɯŋ
騬 *ɦljɯŋ
椉 *ɦljɯŋ
剩 *ɦljɯŋs
嵊 *ɦljɯŋs

Pictogram (象形) – a person 大 climbing a tree 木, with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form 椉. In this form, simplified to 禾 (“tree and top”) + 北 (“feet”).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • 2tshen - vernacular;
  • 3zen - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 乘
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ ～法
    /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ ～車
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/
    /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
    Chengdu /sən³¹/
    /t͡sʰən³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰen²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
    Suzhou /zən¹³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zen²¹³/
    Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiɛ⁴⁴/
    /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
    Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ʃen⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ²¹/
    Nanning /seŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /siŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /seŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /seŋ³¹/
    Rime
    Character 乘
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 船 (27)
    Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 食陵切
    Baxter zying
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʑɨŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʑɨŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʑieŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʑiŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡ʑiəŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡ʑĭəŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shéng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sing4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 乘
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chéng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zying ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.ləŋ/
    English ride (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 乘
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 1452
    Phonetic
    component         		乘
    Rime
    group         		蒸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		繩
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɦljɯŋ/

    Definitions edit

    乘

    1. (literary) to ascend; to go up
    2. (literary) to drive (a horse, cart, etc.)
    3. to take (a form of transport)
      乘船  ―  chéngchuán  ―  to ride a boat
      乘火車去上海／乘火车去上海  ―  chéng huǒchē qù shànghǎi  ―  to ride a train to Shanghai
    4. to make use of; to take advantage of
      乘機／乘机  ―  chéngjī  ―  to seize the opportunity
      乘敵不備／乘敌不备  ―  chéng dí bùbèi  ―  to take the enemy unawares
    5. (literary) to pursue; to attack
    6. (arithmetic) to multiply
      加減乘除／加减乘除  ―  jiā jiǎn chéng chú  ―  addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
      二乘八等於十六。 [MSC, trad.]
      二乘八等于十六。 [MSC, simp.]
      Èr chéng bā děngyú shíliù. [Pinyin]
      Two times eight equals sixteen.
    7. a surname
    Antonyms edit
    • (antonym(s) of "to multiply"): 除 (chú)

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 2 edit

    Note: chéng - Mainland standard for the Buddhism sense.
    Rime
    Character 乘
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 船 (27)
    Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 實證切
    Baxter zyingH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʑɨŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʑɨŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʑieŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʑiŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡ʑiəŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡ʑĭəŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shèng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sing6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 乘
    Reading # 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shèng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zyingH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
    English vehicle

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 乘
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 1458
    Phonetic
    component         		乘
    Rime
    group         		蒸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		乗
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɦljɯŋs/

    Definitions edit

    乘

    1. (literary) war chariot drawn by four horses; (imperial) carriage
    2. (literary) Classifier for carriages drawn by four horses.
    3. (literary) history book
      史乘  ―  shǐshèng  ―  historical records
    4. (Buddhism) vehicle; creed; yana
      大乘  ―  dàshèng  ―  Mahayana (literally, “Great Vehicle”)

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai

    		乗

    Kyūjitai

    		乘

    Kanji edit

    乘

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 乗)

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    乘 (eumhun 탈 승 (tal seung))

    1. to mount, to ride
    2. to take (a form of transport)
    3. (arithmetic) exponent

    References edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    乘: Hán Nôm readings: thừa, thặng, thắng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References edit

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