乘
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Shinjitai | 乗 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 乘 |
| Traditional | 乘 |
Han characterEdit
乘 (radical 4 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 20901, composition ⿻禾北)
Derived charactersEdit
DescendantsEdit
- (chiefly Japanese): 乗
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 83, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
- Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 40, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4E58
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
乘 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 乗 椉 |
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Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 乘 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 乘 | *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs |
| 溗 | *ɦljɯŋ |
| 塖 | *ɦljɯŋ |
| 騬 | *ɦljɯŋ |
| 椉 | *ɦljɯŋ |
| 剩 | *ɦljɯŋs |
| 嵊 | *ɦljɯŋs |
Pictogram (象形) – climbing a tree 木, with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form 椉. In this form, simplified to 禾 + 北 (tree + top, feet).
Pronunciation 1Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sing4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
- Min Dong (BUC): sìng
- Min Nan (POJ): sêng
- Wu (Wiktionary): tshen (T2); zen (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
- Wade-Giles: ch'êng2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chengr
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sing4
- Yale: sìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sing4
- Guangdong Romanization: xing4
- IPA (key): /sɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
- Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin2
- IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
- IPA (key): /siŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tshen (T2); zen (T3)
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰəɲ³⁴/, /z̻əɲ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- 2tshen - vernacular;
- 3zen - literary.
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 乘 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ ～法 /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ ～車 |
|
| Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/ |
|
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sʰən²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /sən³¹/ /t͡sʰən³¹/ |
|
| Guiyang | /t͡sʰen²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zən¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zen²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zeŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiɛ⁴⁴/ /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/ |
|
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂən¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sən¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃen⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /seŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /seŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /siŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /siŋ³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /siŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /seŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /seŋ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 食陵切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʑɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʑɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʑieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʑiŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʑiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʑĭəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shéng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chéng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ zying › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.ləŋ/ |
| English | ride (v.) |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1452 |
| Phonetic component |
乘 |
| Rime group |
蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
繩 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɦljɯŋ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
乘
- † to ascend; to go up
- † to mount; to ride
- to take (a form of transport)
- to make use of; to take advantage of
- † to pursue; to attack
- (mathematics) to multiply
- (mathematics) multiplication
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sing6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳn
- Min Dong (BUC): sêng
- Min Nan (POJ): sēng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
- Wade-Giles: shêng4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
- IPA (key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
- Wade-Giles: ch'êng2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chengr
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sing6
- Yale: sihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sing6
- Guangdong Romanization: xing6
- IPA (key): /sɪŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
- Hakka Romanization System: siin
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin4
- IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
- IPA (key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 實證切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʑɨŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʑɨŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʑieŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʑiŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʑiəŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʑĭəŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shèng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shèng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ zyingH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.ləŋ-s/ |
| English | vehicle |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1458 |
| Phonetic component |
乘 |
| Rime group |
蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
乗 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɦljɯŋs/ |
DefinitionsEdit
乘
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
乘 • (seung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.