懃

See also: 勤

懃 U+61C3, 懃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C3 ← 懂 [U+61C2] CJK Unified Ideographs 懄 → [U+61C4]

Translingual

Han character

懃 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿尸心 (TSP), four-corner 4433₂, composition ⿱勤心)

1. courteous, cordial
2. zealous

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11321
• Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2358, character 1
• Unihan data for U+61C3

Chinese

trad.		懃
simp.		勤*
2nd round simp.		𰅉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇	*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐	*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cín
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin²
    • Yale: chín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kan⁴
    • Yale: kàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ken⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: gj+n

Rime
Character	懃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨斤切
Baxter	gj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨn/
Li Rong	/ɡiən/
Wang Li	/ɡĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	懃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ər/
English	toil, diligent, devoted
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懃
Reading #	1/1
No.	6752
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	勤
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯn/

Definitions

懃

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Compounds

• 慇慇懃懃／殷殷勤勤
• 慇懃／殷勤 (yīnqín)
• 懃懃／勤勤

 

Japanese

Kanji

懃

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin)
• Kan’yō-on: ぎん (gin)
• Kun: ねんごろ (nengoro, 懃ろ)

Korean

Hanja

懃 (eum 근 (geun))

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Vietnamese

Han character

懃: Hán Nôm readings: cần

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