kin

See also: Kin, kın, kín, kīn, -kin, kin-, k'in, and -kin-

Translingual

Symbol

kin

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kinyarwanda.

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: kĭn, IPA^(key): /kɪn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪn

Etymology 1

From Middle English kin, kyn, ken, kun, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”).

Cognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).

Noun

kin (countable and uncountable, plural kins or kin)

1. Race; family; breed; kind.
2. (collectively) Persons of the same race or family; kindred.
   • c. 1620, Francis Bacon, letter of advice to Sir George Villiers

     You are of kin, and so must be a friend to their persons.

   • 2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 84:

     Based on the number of teeth ammonites had—nine—it's believed that their closest living kin are octopuses.

3. One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively.
   • 2016, Saraswati Raju, Santosh Jatrana, Women Workers in Urban India (page 280)

     Among those who derive information related to work from personal contacts, nonkins, rather than kins, constitute the most important sources even for women.

4. Relationship; same-bloodedness or affinity; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent.
   • 1814 July, [Jane Austen], chapter XIII, in Mansfield Park: […], volume III, London: […] T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 248:

     Such sensations, however, were too near a kin to resentment to be long guiding Fanny's soliloquies.

Derived terms

• akin
• kind
• kindred
• kinfolk
• kinhood
• kinship
• kinsman
• kinstate
• kinswoman
• kith and kin
• next of kin
• otakukin
• otherkin

 

Translations

relative — see relative

relatives collectively

• Arabic: أَهْل‎ m (ʔahl), أَقَارِب‎ pl (ʔaqārib)

  Gulf Arabic: اهل‎ (ahal)

• Armenian: ցեղ (hy) (cʿeł), տոհմ (hy) (tohm), ազգուտակ (hy) (azgutak)

  Old Armenian: ցեղ (cʿeł), տոհմ (tohm), զարմ (zarm)

• Belarusian: радня́ (radnjá)
• Bulgarian: род (bg) m (rod)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 親屬／亲属 (zh) (qīnshǔ), 親族／亲族 (zh) (qīnzú)

• Dutch: verwanten (nl)
• Faroese: ættarfólk n pl
• Finnish: suku (fi)
• French: proches m pl, parenté (fr) f
• Georgian: ნათესაობა (natesaoba), მოდგმა (modgma), ჩამომავლობა (čamomavloba)
• German: Verwandtschaft (de) f, Verwandte (de) pl
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹 n (kuni)
• Greek: συγγενείς m pl or f pl (syngeneís), οικογένεια (el) f (oikogéneia)
• Hungarian: rokonság (hu)
• Icelandic: ættmenni n pl, skyldmenni n pl
• Japanese: 親族 (ja) (しんぞく, shinzoku)
• Korean: 친족 (ko) (chinjok)
• Maori: ngare, huānga
• Middle English: kynrede, kyn
• Portuguese: parentes (pt), parentagem
• Russian: родня́ (ru) f (rodnjá), ро́дственники m pl (ródstvenniki), ро́дичи m pl (ródiči), соро́дичи m pl (soródiči)
• Scottish Gaelic: càirdeas m
• Slovene: sorodstvo n
• Tagalog: hinlog
• Ukrainian: рідня́ f (ridnjá), ро́дичі m pl (ródyči)
• ǃXóõ: tâa, ǃkxʻái

See also

• kith
• clan

Further reading

• kin at OneLook Dictionary Search
• Kin in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Adjective

kin (not comparable)

1. Related by blood or marriage, akin. Generally used in "kin to".

   It turns out my back-fence neighbor is kin to one of my co-workers.

Translations

related by blood or marriage

• Bulgarian: сроден (bg) (sroden)
• Finnish: sukua oleva
• French: apparenté (fr)
• Icelandic: skyldur
• Portuguese: aparentado
• Scottish Gaelic: càirdeach
• Tagalog: karugo, kadugo
• Tamil: கேளிர் (ta) (kēḷir)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Mandarin 琴 (qín), from a non-palatal dialect akin to Peking; or less likely, from Japanese 琴 (kin).

Noun

kin (plural kins)

1. Alternative form of qin (“Chinese string instrument”)
   • 1899, Hugo Riemann, Catechism of Musical History: History of musical instruments and history of tone-systems and notation

     Originally they had only two cither-like instruments, which had flat sound-boxes without fingerboards, over which were strung rather a large number (25) of strings of twisted silk — the kin and tsche.

   • 1840, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Samuel Wells Williams, The Chinese Repository (page 40)

     If a musician were going to give a lecture upon the mathematical part of his art, he would find a very elegant substitute for the monochord in the Chinese kin.

Etymology 3

Clipping of fictionkin.

Verb

kin (third-person singular simple present kins, present participle kinning, simple past and past participle kinned)

1. (transitive, fandom slang) To identify with; as in empathize or emotionally relate to a fictional character.

Noun

kin (plural kins)

1. (fandom slang) A fictional character who one deeply relates to.
2. (fandom slang, in the form (character name) kin) Someone who relates deeply to a certain fictional character.

   Alternative form: kinnie

Etymology 4

Noun

kin (plural kins)

1. Alternative form of k'in

Etymology 5

Verb

kin

1. Pronunciation spelling of can.
   • 1959, Walt Kelly, Pogo, January 5 comic strip (→ISBN, p. 4):

     [Owl:] Oh I ain't stealin' this dime... I just took it for safe-keepin'.
     [Turtle:] Ain't much you kin do with it—'cept make a phone call.

Etymology 6

Noun

kin (uncountable)

1. (colloquial) Short for kinesiology.

Anagrams

• -nik, Nik, ink

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch kin, from Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

kin (plural kinne)

1. Alternative form of ken.

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Persian کین‎.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

kin (definite accusative kini, plural kinlər)

1. hidden anger, spite, malice, grudge

   Synonym: ədavət

Declension

Declension of kin
	singular	plural
nominative	kin	kinlər
definite accusative	kini	kinləri
dative	kinə	kinlərə
locative	kində	kinlərdə
ablative	kindən	kinlərdən
definite genitive	kinin	kinlərin

Possessive forms of kin
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinim	kinlərim
sənin (“your”)	kinin	kinlərin
onun (“his/her/its”)	kini	kinləri
bizim (“our”)	kinimiz	kinlərimiz
sizin (“your”)	kininiz	kinləriniz
onların (“their”)	kini or kinləri	kinləri
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimi	kinlərimi
sənin (“your”)	kinini	kinlərini
onun (“his/her/its”)	kinini	kinlərini
bizim (“our”)	kinimizi	kinlərimizi
sizin (“your”)	kininizi	kinlərinizi
onların (“their”)	kinini or kinlərini	kinlərini
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimə	kinlərimə
sənin (“your”)	kininə	kinlərinə
onun (“his/her/its”)	kininə	kinlərinə
bizim (“our”)	kinimizə	kinlərimizə
sizin (“your”)	kininizə	kinlərinizə
onların (“their”)	kininə or kinlərinə	kinlərinə
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimdə	kinlərimdə
sənin (“your”)	kinində	kinlərində
onun (“his/her/its”)	kinində	kinlərində
bizim (“our”)	kinimizdə	kinlərimizdə
sizin (“your”)	kininizdə	kinlərinizdə
onların (“their”)	kinində or kinlərində	kinlərində
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimdən	kinlərimdən
sənin (“your”)	kinindən	kinlərindən
onun (“his/her/its”)	kinindən	kinlərindən
bizim (“our”)	kinimizdən	kinlərimizdən
sizin (“your”)	kininizdən	kinlərinizdən
onların (“their”)	kinindən or kinlərindən	kinlərindən
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimin	kinlərimin
sənin (“your”)	kininin	kinlərinin
onun (“his/her/its”)	kininin	kinlərinin
bizim (“our”)	kinimizin	kinlərimizin
sizin (“your”)	kininizin	kinlərinizin
onların (“their”)	kininin or kinlərinin	kinlərinin

Derived terms

• kinli

Further reading

• “kin” in Obastan.com.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɪn]
• Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

kin

1. genitive plural of kino

Anagrams

• nik

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-West Germanic *kinnu, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɪn/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kin
• Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

kin f (plural kinnen, diminutive kinnetje n)

1. chin

Derived terms

• kinlijn
• onderkin

Descendants

• Afrikaans: kin
• Negerhollands: kin
• → Papiamentu: kenchi, kinnetje, kintsje (from the diminutive)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Pronoun

kin

1. who

Hungarian

Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
ed	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)*
case							v. pr.	c.
nom.	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / -∅ az / -∅	–	–
acc.	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / -∅ azt / -∅	–	c1 c2
dat.	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	c
ins.	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		c
c-f.	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	c
tra.	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	c
ter.	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	c
e-f.	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	c
e-m.	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	c
ine.	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	c
sup.	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	c
ade.	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	c
ill.	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	c
sub.	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	c
all.	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	c
el.	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	c
del.	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	c
abl.	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	c
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »

Etymology

ki +‎ -n

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkin]

Pronoun

kin

1. superessive singular of ki

Ido

Ido numbers ^(edit)

	50
←  4	5	6  →
Cardinal: kin     Ordinal: kinesma     Adverbial: kinfoye     Multiplier: kinopla     Fractional: kinima

Etymology

From French cinq, Spanish cinco, Italian cinque, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

Numeral

kin

1. five (5)

Japanese

Romanization

kin

1. Rōmaji transcription of きん

Middle English

Noun

kin

1. Alternative form of kin

Min Nan

For pronunciation and definitions of kin – see 斤 (“catty, a unit of weight”). (This character, kin, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 斤.)

Navajo

Etymology

Compare Dogrib kǫ̀.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kxʲɪ̀n]

Noun

kin

1. market, store

   Kingóó déyá. ― I am going to the store.

2. house, cabin, building
3. town

Inflection

possessives of kin

	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	shikin	nihikin	danihikin
2nd person	nikin	nihikin	danihikin
3rd person	bikin
4th person (3o)	yikin
4th person (3a)	hakin
Indefinite (3i)	akin

Synonyms

• (town): kin shijaaʼ, kin łání, kintah

Derived terms

• kįįh (“into the town”)
• kinsááʼ (“ruin”)

See also

• hooghan

Ngarrindjeri

Pronoun

kin

1. him

Northern Kurdish

Adjective

kin ?

1. short

Synonyms

• kurt
• qut
• quse

Nupe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kí.ŋ̀/

Noun

kíǹ (plural kíǹzhì)

1. land

   kíǹ Nupe ― Nupeland

2. country
3. earth; ground

West Frisian

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German kinne, kin, from Old Saxon kinni. The inherited Old Frisian form was zin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɪn/

Noun

kin n (plural kinnen, diminutive kintsje)

1. chin

Derived terms

• ûnderkin

Further reading

• “kin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yagara

Noun

kin

1. Alternative form of ginn.

References

• State Library of Queensland, 2019 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES ‘WORD OF THE WEEK’: WEEK EIGHTEEN., 13 May 2019.

Yola

Noun

kin

1. Alternative form of ken

References

• Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 49