有恆

Chinese

		to have; there is; there are to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be	permanent
trad. (有恆)		有	恆
simp. (有恒)		有	恒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǒuhéng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˇ ㄏㄥˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǒuhéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˇ ㄏㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǒuhéng
    • Wade–Giles: yu³-hêng²
    • Yale: yǒu-héng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeouherng
    • Palladius: юхэн (juxɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: hjuwX hong

Rime
Character	有	恆
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	云久切	胡登切
Baxter	hjuwX	hong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨuX/	/ɦəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiuX/	/ɦəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiəuX/	/ɣəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuwX/	/ɦəŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣiuX/	/ɣəŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣĭəuX/	/ɣəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯uX/	/ɣəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒu	héng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau5	hang4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ  [ɡ]ˤəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯʔ  ɡɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	有	恆
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǒu	héng
Middle Chinese	‹ hjuwX ›	‹ hong ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/	/*[ɡ]ˁəŋ/
English	have, exist	constant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	有	恆
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15595	5126
Phonetic component	又	亙
Rime group	之	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	有	恒
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷɯʔ/	/*ɡɯːŋ/

Verb

有恆

1. to be persevering; to have persistence

   • 善人，吾不得而見之矣；得見有恆者，斯可矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     善人，吾不得而见之矣；得见有恒者，斯可矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shànrén, wú bù dé ér jiàn zhī yǐ; dé jiàn yǒuhéng zhě, sī kě yǐ. [Pinyin]

     A good person it is not mine to see; could I see a person possessed of constancy, that would satisfy me.