Wiktionary

矣

矣 U+77E3, 矣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E3
← 矢
[U+77E2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矤 →
[U+77E4]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

矣 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈人大 (IOK), four-corner 23430, composition ⿱厶矢)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 823, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23931
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+77E3

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 矣
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (矣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唉 *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ
埃 *qlɯː
欸 *qɯː, *qʰrɯːs
娭 *qɯː, *qʰlɯ
挨 *qlɯːʔ, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ
騃 *ŋrɯːʔ, *sɢrɯʔ
俟 *sɢrɯʔ, *ɡlɯl
竢 *sɢrɯʔ
涘 *sɢrɯʔ
誒 *qʰlɯ
矣 *ɢlɯʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢlɯʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 矢 (“arrow”). 矢 (OC *hliʔ) may also act as a phonetic component.

Etymology 1 edit

trad. 矣
simp. # 矣
alternative forms 𠤘
𢦕
𡗞

Pulleyblank (1995) tentatively suggests a connection to adverb 已 (OC *lɯʔ, “already, perfective marker”), drawing a parallel with the 了₁ (perfective particle) and 了₂ (change of state modal particle) meanings of 了 (le), but doubts that they are etymologically related, suggesting the connection may be purely semantic and for aspectual functions.

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于紀切
Baxter hiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦɨX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiəX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qəʔ/ (atonic)
English (final particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
No. 14950
Phonetic
component 		矣
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		矣
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢlɯʔ/
Notes 說文以聲，金文從丩矢或爲矢聲

Definitions edit

矣

  1. (literary) Particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
  2. (literary) Particle expressing exclamation, similar to 啦 (la) in Standard Mandarin.
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 矣1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 了
Mandarin Beijing 了
Taiwan 了
Harbin 了
Yantai (Muping) 了
Jinan 了
Luoyang 了
Wanrong 嘮
Xi'an 咧
Yinchuan 了
Ürümqi 咧
Wuhan 了
Chengdu 了
Guiyang 了
Guilin 了
Liuzhou 了
Xuzhou 了
Yangzhou 了
Nanjing 了
Malaysia 了
Singapore 了
Cantonese Guangzhou 咗, 嘵 obsolete
Hong Kong 咗
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 耗
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 好
Macau 咗, 敲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 咗
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 咗
Guangzhou (Conghua) 咗
Foshan 咗
Foshan (Sanshui) 咗
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 咗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 哺
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 咗
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 誒, 咗
Taishan 誒
Kaiping (Chikan) 誒
Enping (Niujiang) 誒
Dongguan 敲
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 好
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 後, 咗
Qingyuan 咗
Fogang 咗
Yingde (Hanguang) 咗
Shaoguan 咗
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 咗
Renhua 咗
Lechang 咗
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 咗
Xinxing 標
Luoding 咗
Yangjiang 都
Nanning 嗮
Nanning (Tanka) 嗮
Wuzhou 啊
Hepu (Lianzhou) 了
Guiping 畢
Guiping (Mule) 開, 了
Pingnan 開
Guigang (Gangcheng) 開
Guigang (Pingdong) 開, 了
Beihai 了
Beihai (Nankang) 了
Beihai (Yingpan) 了
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 了, 咗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 咗
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 了, 咗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咗
Singapore (Guangfu) 咗
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 咗
Móng Cái 了, 咗
Gan Nanchang 了
Lichuan 了
Hakka Meixian 了
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 拋, 阿
Dongguan (Qingxi) 開
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 開
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 開
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 哩
Yudu 了
Hong Kong 開
Senai (Huiyang) 開
Kuching (Hepo) 了
Huizhou Jixi 了
Jin Taiyuan 咾
Xinzhou 咾
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 了
Northern Min Jian'ou 了
Eastern Min Fuzhou 了, 𡅏
Southern Min Penang (Hokkien) 了
Singapore (Hokkien) 了
Manila (Hokkien) 了, 囉
Chaozhou 了
Shantou 了
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 了
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 了
Wu Shanghai 仔, 了
Shanghai (Chongming) 仔
Suzhou 仔
Hangzhou 得, 了
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 得, 了
Ningbo 仔
Wenzhou 爻
Jinhua 了

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

trad. 矣
simp. # 矣
alternative forms 啊

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

矣

  1. (Hokkien, dialectal Hakka) Sentence-final particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
    我食飽矣／我食饱矣 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  Góa chia̍h-pá--ah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  I've eaten already. / I am now full.
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 矣1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 了
Mandarin Beijing 了
Taiwan 了
Harbin 了
Yantai (Muping) 了
Jinan 了
Luoyang 了
Wanrong 嘮
Xi'an 咧
Yinchuan 了
Ürümqi 咧
Wuhan 了
Chengdu 了
Guiyang 了
Guilin 了
Liuzhou 了
Xuzhou 了
Yangzhou 了
Nanjing 了
Malaysia 了
Singapore 了
Cantonese Guangzhou 咗, 嘵 obsolete
Hong Kong 咗
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 耗
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 好
Macau 咗, 敲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 咗
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 咗
Guangzhou (Conghua) 咗
Foshan 咗
Foshan (Sanshui) 咗
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 咗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 哺
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 咗
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 誒, 咗
Taishan 誒
Kaiping (Chikan) 誒
Enping (Niujiang) 誒
Dongguan 敲
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 好
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 後, 咗
Qingyuan 咗
Fogang 咗
Yingde (Hanguang) 咗
Shaoguan 咗
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 咗
Renhua 咗
Lechang 咗
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 咗
Xinxing 標
Luoding 咗
Yangjiang 都
Nanning 嗮
Nanning (Tanka) 嗮
Wuzhou 啊
Hepu (Lianzhou) 了
Guiping 畢
Guiping (Mule) 開, 了
Pingnan 開
Guigang (Gangcheng) 開
Guigang (Pingdong) 開, 了
Beihai 了
Beihai (Nankang) 了
Beihai (Yingpan) 了
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 了, 咗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 咗
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 了, 咗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咗
Singapore (Guangfu) 咗
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 咗
Móng Cái 了, 咗
Gan Nanchang 了
Lichuan 了
Hakka Meixian 了
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 拋, 阿
Dongguan (Qingxi) 開
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 開
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 開
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 哩
Yudu 了
Hong Kong 開
Senai (Huiyang) 開
Kuching (Hepo) 了
Huizhou Jixi 了
Jin Taiyuan 咾
Xinzhou 咾
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 了
Northern Min Jian'ou 了
Eastern Min Fuzhou 了, 𡅏
Southern Min Penang (Hokkien) 了
Singapore (Hokkien) 了
Manila (Hokkien) 了, 囉
Chaozhou 了
Shantou 了
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 了
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 了
Wu Shanghai 仔, 了
Shanghai (Chongming) 仔
Suzhou 仔
Hangzhou 得, 了
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 得, 了
Ningbo 仔
Wenzhou 爻
Jinhua 了

Etymology 3 edit

trad. 矣
simp. # 矣

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

矣

  1. † Transcription of the word for rhinoceros in a language used in ancient Yunnan.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

矣

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. kanbun (Literary Chinese) sentence particle

Readings edit

  • On (unclassified): い (i)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

矣 (eumhun 어조사 의 (eojosa ui))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

矣: Hán Nôm readings: hỉ, hở, hỹ, hẻ, hĩ, hơi, hãy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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