Wiktionary

結

See also: 结
結 U+7D50, 結
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D50
← 絏
[U+7D4F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 絑 →
[U+7D51]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

結 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女火土口 (VFGR), four-corner 24961, composition ⿰糹吉)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 921, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27398
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1354, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3390, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7D50

ChineseEdit

trad. 結
simp. 结

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (吉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
秸 *kriːl, *kriːd
髻 *kiːds
夡 *kʰids
鴶 *kriːd
袺 *kriːd, *kiːd
頡 *kriːd, *ɡiːd
劼 *kʰriːd
硈 *kʰriːd
咭 *kʰriːd, *ɡlid, *qʰlid
黠 *ɡriːd
聐 *ŋreːd
趌 *ked, *klid, *kʰid, *ɡrid
結 *kiːd
拮 *kiːd, *klid
桔 *kiːd
狤 *kiːd, *klid, *ɡrid
擷 *qʰiːd, *ɡiːd
襭 *ɡiːd
翓 *ɡiːd
纈 *ɡiːd
吉 *klid
郆 *kid
詰 *kʰid
蛣 *kʰid
佶 *ɡlid, *ɡrid
鮚 *ɡrid
姞 *ɡrid
欯 *qʰlid
恄 *qʰlid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kiːd): semantic 糸 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)i(t/k) (“to tie; to bind”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱིག (khyig, “to bind”), Burmese ကျစ် (kyac, “to twist”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • jiē - “to bear (Mainland); to stammer”.
  • Cantonese
    • Note:
    • git3 - literary (all senses);
    • lit3 - vernacular (“knot”).
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • kat - vernacular;
    • kiat/ket - literary.
    Note:
    • gag4 - vernacular;
    • gig4 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 結
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiɛ³⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ 不～果兒
    /t͡ɕiɛ²¹³/ ～婚
    Tianjin /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/ ～婚
    /t͡ɕie²¹/ ～實
    Jinan /t͡ɕiə²¹³/
    /t͡ɕiə⁴²/ 完～
    Qingdao /t͡ɕiə⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕie¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕiə¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕie²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕie²¹/
    Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕieʔ⁵/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕi²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕieʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕia⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕie²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕie²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiɛʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kiat̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kiet̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kit̚³/
    Nanning /kit̚³³/
    Hong Kong /kit̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiat̚³²/
    /kat̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kiɛʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kiɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kiak̚²/
    /kak̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /kit̚⁵/
    /kak̚⁵/
    /xak̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 結
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 屑 (87)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 古屑切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ket̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ket̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɛt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kɛt̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ket̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kiet̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kiet̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jie
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		git3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 結
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jié
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ket ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁi[t]/
    English tie (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 結
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5681
    Phonetic
    component         		吉
    Rime
    group         		質
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		結
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kiːd/

    DefinitionsEdit

    結

    1. to tie; to bind; to join; to connect
      結網 / 结网  ―  jié wǎng  ―  to weave a net
    2. to solidify
      結冰 / 结冰  ―  jiébīng  ―  to freeze
    3. to form; to forge (a relationship)
      結盟 / 结盟  ―  jiéméng  ―  to form an alliance
      結下了深深的友誼 [MSC, trad.]
      结下了深深的友谊 [MSC, simp.]
      jié xià le shēn shēn de yǒuyì [Pinyin]
      to forge a profound friendship
    4. to end; to finish; to settle
      結帳 / 结帐  ―  jiézhàng  ―  to settle accounts
    5. knot; tie
      死結 / 死结  ―  sǐjié  ―  fast knot
      打個結 / 打个结 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 go3 lit3 [Jyutping]  ―  to tie a knot
    6. emotional knot
    7. written agreement; undertaking
      具結 / 具结  ―  jùjié  ―  to sign an undertaking
    8. to bear (fruit)
    9. (dialectal) to stammer; to stutter

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 口吃 (“to stammer; to stutter”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 謇
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 口吃
    Mandarin Beijing 磕巴
    Taiwan 口吃, 結巴
    Harbin 磕巴
    Muping 結巴, 磕巴
    Jinan 結巴, 磕巴
    Wanrong 可
    Xi'an 結
    Lanzhou 結
    Ürümqi 結巴
    Wuhan 結
    Chengdu 結巴
    Guiyang 結巴
    Xuzhou 結巴
    Yangzhou 結
    Nanjing 結巴
    Singapore 口吃
    Cantonese Guangzhou 漏口
    Hong Kong 漏口
    Gan Pingxiang 結巴
    Hakka Meixian 結舌仔, 重舌仔
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 結舌
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 結舌
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 結舌
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 結舌
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 結舌
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 大舌
    Jin Taiyuan 磕巴
    Xinzhou 結咳
    Min Bei Jian'ou 結舌, 大舌
    Min Nan Xiamen 大舌口, 大舌, 重句, 重舌
    Quanzhou 大舌口, 大舌, 重句
    Zhangzhou 大舌鼓, 大舌, 重句
    Taipei 大舌
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 大舌
    Kaohsiung 大舌
    Yilan 大舌
    Changhua (Lukang) 大舌
    Taichung 大舌
    Tainan 大舌
    Hsinchu 大舌
    Kinmen 大舌口
    Penghu (Magong) 大舌, 重句
    Singapore (Hokkien) 大舌口
    Longyan 結舌
    Chaozhou 大舌
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 講突話
    Wu Shanghai 吃嘴, 楞嘴
    Shanghai (Chongming) 楞嘴, 篤嘴
    Shanghai (Songjiang) 吃嘴
    Danyang 結巴
    Ningbo 吃舌頭
    Zhoushan 吃舌頭
    Wenzhou 大舌
    Jinhua 點舌, 點舌兒, 拆舌, 拆舌兒
    Xiang Changsha 結巴
    Loudi 𪘬

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 結

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    結

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. tie, fasten
    2. join
    3. organize
    4. end, conclude

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Proper nounEdit

    結(ゆい) • (Yui) 

    1. a female given name

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    結 (eumhun 맺을 결 (maejeul gyeol))

    1. Hanja form? of 결 (“tie”).
    2. Hanja form? of 결 (“result”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    團結 (단결) unity; solidarity
    集結 (집결) gathering
    連結 (연결) connection; linking
    結合 (결합) union cohesion
    結付 (결부) linking; involving
    結婚 (결혼) marriage; wedding
    姉妹結緣 (자매결연) sisterhood relationship
    結果 (결과) result
    結局 (결국) eventually
    結論 (결론) conclusion
    結末 (결말) conclusion; an end
    結實 (결실) bearing fruit; fruition
    結核 (결핵) tuberculosis

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    結: Hán Nôm readings: kết, cứt, kiết, chắc, kít

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