消化

Chinese

		consume; news; subside consume; news; subside; to disappear; to vanish	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (消化)		消	化
simp. ^#(消化)		消	化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiāohuà

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): siu¹ faa³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sêu-fa
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siau-hòa

(Teochew, Peng'im): siao¹ huê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiāohuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siaohuà
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao¹-hua⁴
  - Yale: syāu-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiauhuah
  - Palladius: сяохуа (sjaoxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    消化
    硝化
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: siu¹ faa³
  - Yale: sīu fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: siu¹ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xiu¹ fa³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːu̯⁵⁵ faː³³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    消化
    硝化
    燒化／烧化
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sêu-fa
  - Hakka Romanization System: seu^ˊ fa
  - Hagfa Pinyim: seu¹ fa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: siau-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siau'hoax
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³ hua⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siao¹ huê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siau huè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siau³³⁻²³ hue²¹³/

Verb

消化

(literally) to digest (food)
(figuratively) to think over; to process; to digest
(literary) to melt; to dissolve

Synonyms

(to melt): 熔化 (rónghuà), 消融 (xiāoróng), (literary) 消釋／消释 (xiāoshì)

Derived terms

消化不良 (xiāohuà bùliáng)
消化作用
消化器官 (xiāohuà qìguān)
消化液 (xiāohuàyè)
消化系統／消化系统 (xiāohuà xìtǒng)
消化腺 (xiāohuàxiàn)
消化道 (xiāohuàdào)
消化酶 (xiāohuàméi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
消	化
しょう Grade: 3	か Grade: 3
on'yomi	kan'on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 消化 (MC sjew xwaeH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょーか [shòóká] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːka̠]

Noun

消(しょう)化(か) • (shōka) ^{←せうくわ (seukwa)^?}

Derived terms

Derived terms

消(しょう)化(か)液(えき) (shōkaeki, “digestive fluids”)
消(しょう)化(か)管(かん) (shōkakan, “alimentary canal”)
消(しょう)化(か)器(き) (shōkaki, “digestive organs”)
消(しょう)化(か)系(けい) (shōkakei, “digestive system”)
消(しょう)化(か)剤(ざい) (shōkazai, “digestive”)
消(しょう)化(か)腺(せん) (shōkasen, “digestive gland”)
消(しょう)化(か)力(りょく) (shōkaryoku, “digestive capacity”)
消(しょう)化(か)不(ふ)良(りょう) (shōka furyō, “indigestion, dyspepsia”)
消(しょう)化(か)性(せい)潰(かい)瘍(よう) (shōka-seikaiyō, “peptic ulcer”)
消(しょう)化(か)管(かん)間(かん)質(しつ)腫(じゅ)瘍(よう) (shōkakan-kanshitsu-juyō, “gastrointestinal stromal tumor”)
不(ふ)消(しょう)化(か) (fushōka, “indigestion”)
未(み)消(しょう)化(か) (mishōka, “unfulfilled”)
不(ふ)消(しょう)化(か)物(ぶつ) (fushōkabutsu, “indigestible materials”)
化(か)学(がく)的(てき)消(しょう)化(か) (kagakuteki shōka, “chemical digestion”)

Verb

消(しょう)化(か)する • (shōka suru) ^{←せうくわ (seukwa)^?}suru (stem 消(しょう)化(か)し (shōka shi), past 消(しょう)化(か)した (shōka shita))

to digest

Conjugation

Conjugation of "消化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	消化し	しょうかし	shōka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	消化し	しょうかし	shōka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	消化する	しょうかする	shōka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	消化する	しょうかする	shōka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	消化すれ	しょうかすれ	shōka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	消化せよ¹ 消化しろ²	しょうかせよ¹ しょうかしろ²	shōka seyo¹ shōka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	消化される	しょうかされる	shōka sareru
Causative	消化させる消化さす	しょうかさせるしょうかさす	shōka saseru shōka sasu
Potential	消化できる	しょうかできる	shōka dekiru
Volitional	消化しよう	しょうかしよう	shōka shiyō
Negative	消化しない	しょうかしない	shōka shinai
Negative continuative	消化せず	しょうかせず	shōka sezu
Formal	消化します	しょうかします	shōka shimasu
Perfective	消化した	しょうかした	shōka shita
Conjunctive	消化して	しょうかして	shōka shite
Hypothetical conditional	消化すれば	しょうかすれば	shōka sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
消	化

Noun

消化 • (sohwa) (hangeul 소화)

hanja form^? of 소화 (“digestion”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
消	化

Verb

消化

chữ Hán form of tiêu hoá (“to digest”).

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