Wiktionary

界

See also: 畍
界 U+754C, 界
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-754C
← 畋
[U+754B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畍 →
[U+754D]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 

Han characterEdit

界 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田人中中 (WOLL), four-corner 46128, composition ⿱田介(G) or ⿳田八⿰丿丨(HTJKV))

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 760, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21775
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1170, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2534, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+754C

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 界
alternative forms 畍

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 界
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (介) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妎 *ɡaːds, *ɡeːds
芥 *kreːds
尬 *kreːds
界 *kreːds
介 *kreːds
疥 *kreːds
玠 *kreːds
砎 *kreːds, *kreːd, *ɡraːd
魪 *kreːds
价 *kreːds
衸 *kreːds, *ɡreːds
齘 *ɡreːds
骱 *ɡaːd, *kreːd
扴 *kreːd
圿 *kreːd
忦 *kreːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kreːds): semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • kài - literary;
  • kè/kòe - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 界
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 皆 (33)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古拜切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠɛiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚæiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɐiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kəɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɛiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɐiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kăiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gaai3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 界
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kɛjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁr[e][t]-s/
    English boundary

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 界
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6524
    Phonetic
    component         		介
    Rime
    group         		祭
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		誡
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kreːds/

    DefinitionsEdit

    界

    1. boundary
      境界  ―  jìngjiè  ―  boundary; state
      中華人民共和國省界糾紛 [MSC, trad.]
      中华人民共和国省界纠纷 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó shěngjiè jiūfēn [Pinyin]
      PRC provincial boundary dispute
    2. domain; realm; zone; area
    3. circle; world; industry
      音樂界／音乐界  ―  yīnyuèjiè  ―  the music world; music circles
    4. (taxonomy) kingdom

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 界

    See alsoEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    界

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. world
    2. border

    ReadingsEdit

    (Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    界
    かい
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 界 (MC kˠɛiH, “boundary”).

    In Buddhist contexts, derived from the Middle Chinese term used as a translation of Sanskrit धातु (dhātu, “layer, stratum”).[1]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    界(かい) • (kai) 

    1. boundary
    2. a bounded area or region
    3. a bounded group of people, a society, a world as a social grouping, such as business, celebrities, or finance
      Used both as a standalone noun, and in compounds. Use in compounds is more common in this sense.
      自然(しぜん)の界(かい)、自然(しぜん)界(かい)
      shizen no kai, shizenkai
      the natural world
      美術界(びじゅつかい)
      bijutsukai
      the art world
    4. the border edge of a thing
    5. (Buddhism) the category of a thing
    6. (Buddhism) the world or realm of a thing
    7. lines drawn between the lines of a text, as on lined writing paper
    8. lines drawn to lay out a draft of a piece of artwork: a sketch
    9. (biology, taxonomy) a kingdom
    10. (geology) a stratum corresponding to a geologic age
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms
    Related termsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    界
    さかい
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    /sakapi/ → /sakaɸi/ → /sakahi/ → /sakai/

    The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of obsolete verb 境う (sakau, “to divide, to form a boundary between things”).[1][2]

    Some sources[1] further derive the verb as Old Japanese element 境 (saka, “division, border, boundary”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu) indicating repetition or ongoing state. However, given the semantics, this could also be analyzed as the repetitive or ongoing aspect of Old Japanese-derived verb saku with an underlying meaning of “to split apart, to separate, to put distance between”, spelled variously as 割く, 裂く, 離く, or 放く, and cognate with 咲く (saku, “to bloom”, from the idea of the blooms splitting open), 栄える (sakaeru, “to prosper”, extended from the bloom sense), 盛ん (sakan, “prospering, fluorishing”).

    Alternative formsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    界(さかい) • (sakai) 

    1. border, boundary, limits
    Usage notesEdit

    More commonly spelled 境. Derived terms primarily use that spelling, so see that entry for more details.

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 界 (MC kˠɛiH). Recorded as Middle Korean 계〯 (kyěy) (Yale: kyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    界, eumhun 지경 계 (jigyeong gye)

    1. Hanja form? of 계 (“boundary”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    界: Hán Nôm readings: giới

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