莖

莖 U+8396, 莖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8396 ← 莕 [U+8395] CJK Unified Ideographs 莗 → [U+8397]

See also: 茎

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Traditional	莖
Shinjitai	茎
Simplified	茎

Han characterEdit

莖 (radical 140 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一女一 (TMVM), four-corner 4410₁, composition ⿱艹巠)

1. stem, stalk

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1034, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31052
• Dae Jaweon: page 1493, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3217, character 7
• Unihan data for U+8396

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ChineseEdit

trad.		莖
simp.		茎

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (坙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
羥	*kʰreːn, *kʰreːŋ
俓	*ŋɡeːn, *ŋɡreːŋ, *keːŋs
牼	*kʰreːŋ, *ɡreːŋ
硁	*kʰreːŋ
誙	*kʰreːŋ
娙	*ŋɡreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ
莖	*ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ
痙	*ɡeŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ).

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīng (jing¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³, ging¹, hang⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn / kóang
• Min Nan (POJ): hêng / hûiⁿ / hoâiⁿ / hôaⁿ / keng / kèng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: ching¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging³, ging¹, hang⁴
    • Yale: ging, gīng, hàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging³, ging¹, hang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging³, ging¹, heng⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/, /kɪŋ⁵⁵/, /hɐŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn / kóang
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin´ / guang`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ / guang³
    • IPA: /kin²⁴/, /ku̯aŋ³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
    • Tâi-lô: hîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huînn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvuii
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoâiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huâinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvoaai
    • IPA (Taipei): /huãi²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huãi²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huãi²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvoaa
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huã¹³/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/

Note:

• hêng - literary;
• hûiⁿ/hoâiⁿ/hôaⁿ - vernacular;
• keng/kèng - vernacular (俗).

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛŋ/, /ʔˠɛŋ/▼

Rime
Character	莖	莖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	戸耕切	烏莖切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛŋ/	/ʔˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæŋ/	/ʔᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐŋ/	/ʔɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjŋ/	/ʔəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɛŋ/	/ʔɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣæŋ/	/æŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣæŋ/	/ʔæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng	ēng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*m-k-lˤ<r>eŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːŋ/, /*qreːŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	莖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*m-k-lˤ<r>eŋ/
English	stalk (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莖	莖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6786	6788
Phonetic component	坙	坙
Rime group	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	莖	甖
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːŋ/	/*qreːŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

莖

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit

• (Cantonese) Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

莖

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 茎)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: ぎょう (gyō)
• Kan’on: こう (kō)
• Kan’yōon: けい (kei)
• Kun: くき (kuki), なかご (nakago)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

莖 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

CompoundsEdit

• 男莖

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

莖 (hành, kinh)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.