脛

See also: 胫

脛	U+811B, 脛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-811B

← 脚
[U+811A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

脜 →
[U+811C]

Translingual

Han character

脛 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月一女一 (BMVM), four-corner 7121₁, composition ⿰月巠)

Derived characters

𪡿, 𣻽

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 983, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29504
Dae Jaweon: page 1435, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2077, character 9
Unihan data for U+811B

Chinese

trad.		脛
simp.		胫
alternative forms		踁／胫

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (巠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
葝	ɡeŋ, ɡeŋ
頸	keŋʔ, ɡeŋ
勁	kɯns, keŋs
鑋	kʰeŋ, kʰeːŋs
輕	kʰeŋ, kʰeŋs
涇	ɡeŋʔ, keːŋ
經	keːŋ, keːŋs
鵛	*keːŋ
巠	*keːŋ
剄	*keːŋʔ
烴	*keːŋʔ
徑	*keːŋs
逕	*keːŋs
桱	*keːŋs
蛵	*qʰeːŋ
陘	*ɡeːŋ
鋞	ɡeːŋ, ɡeːŋʔ
脛	ɡeːŋʔ, ɡeːŋs
踁	*ɡeːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs) : semantic 肉 (“meat”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ)

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”).

莖 (OC *ɡreːŋ, “stalk”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Yale: jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ging³
  - Yale: ging
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: hengX, hengH

Rime
Character	脛	脛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	胡頂切	胡定切
Baxter	hengX	hengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦeŋ^X/	/ɦeŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦeŋ^X/	/ɦeŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛŋ^X/	/ɣɛŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛjŋ^X/	/ɦɛjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ɣeŋ^X/	/ɣeŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ɣieŋ^X/	/ɣieŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣieŋ^X/	/ɣieŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xìng	xìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing⁶	jing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kʰˤeŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːŋʔ/, /*ɡeːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ heng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kʰˁeŋ-s/
English	leg, shank
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脛	脛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6815	6816
Phonetic component	巠	巠
Rime group	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	婞	脛
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːŋʔ/	/*ɡeːŋs/

Definitions

脛

shinbone
lower leg

Compounds

Descendants

→ Proto-Tai: *ɣeːŋᴮ
- Lao: ແຄ່ງ (khǣng)
- Shan: ၶႅင်ႈ (khēng)
- Thai: แข้ง (kɛ̂ng)

References

“脛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

Shinjitai (extended)	𦙾
Kyūjitai	脛

脛

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𦙾)

shin

Readings

Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←ぎやう (gyau, historical)}
Kan-on: けい (kei)^{←けい (kei, historical)}
Kun: すね (sune, 脛)、はぎ (hagi, 脛)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
脛
すね Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
臑腨脚髄

From Old Japanese すね (sune, “marrow”); appears in the Kojiki (712) in the name of a deity: 登美能那賀須泥毘古 (to₂mi₁-no₂-naga-sune-bi₁ko₁), whose name is also attested logographically in the Nihon Shoki (720) as 長髄彦.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) すね [sùnéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [sɨne̞]

(Kyoto) すね [súꜜnè] (Kōki)^[2]

Noun

脛(すね) • (sune)

[from 712] the front area of the leg between the knee and the ankle: the shin

Usage notes

This is the most common term for "shin" in Japanese.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
脛
はぎ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese はぎ (pagi₁). Attested in Shōsōin documents from 740 with the spelling 波岐 (pagi₁).^[5]^[6] Also attested in the Hitachi no kuni Fudoki in the form 夜都賀波岐 (ya-tuka-pagi₁, “indigenous people < a person with a long shin”).^[5] In turn, reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *panki.

As seen below, the pitch accent of this word in the Heian period contains a rising pitch in the first syllable, and Ryukyuan cognates show reflexes of proto-Ryukyuan class C, which is rare for class 3 accent words, hinting at some kind of contraction.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はぎ [hàgíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[6]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ha̠ɡʲi]

(Kyoto) はぎ [háꜜgì] (Kōki)^[6]

Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent

(the Heian period) RL
(the Kamakura period) HL?

※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: ^[6]

Noun

脛(はぎ) • (hagi)

[from 740] the shin
[from 1254] the leg of a wild animal

References

^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 390
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 “すね【脛・臑・腨・脚・髄】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 573
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 “はぎ【脛】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

脛 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

脛: Hán Nôm readings: hĩnh; hỉnh; hểnh; kinh; cảnh

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[JDBsune-1] Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 390

[KDJ2Osune-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 “すね【脛・臑・腨・脚・髄】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[JDBhagi-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 573

[KDJ2Ohagi-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 “はぎ【脛】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

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