警

See also: 儆

警	U+8B66, 警 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B66

← 譥
[U+8B65]

CJK Unified Ideographs

譧 →
[U+8B67]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

警 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+13 in traditional Chinese, 言+12 in simplified Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 20 strokes in traditional Chinese, 19 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿大卜一口 (TKYMR), four-corner 4860₁, composition ⿱敬言)

Related charactersEdit

儆

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1183, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35989
Dae Jaweon: page 1645, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4017, character 4
Unihan data for U+8B66

ChineseEdit

trad.		警
simp. ^#		警
2nd round simp.		⿰忄井

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 警
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟼	kraː, kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼	kaŋʔ, kreŋʔ
驚	*kreŋ
警	*kreŋʔ
儆	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋs
璥	*keŋʔ
檠	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬	*kreŋs
擎	*ɡreŋ
曔	*ɡreŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kreŋʔ): phonetic 敬 (OC *kreŋs) + semantic 言 (“spoken language, speech”).

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007); the sense "to be on guard" is the endoactive of 驚 (OC *kreŋ). See there for more.

儆 (OC *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs, “to warn; to guard against”) is the same word.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐng (jing³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kín
Jin (Wiktionary): jing²
Min Dong (BUC): gīng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng / kéng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng⁶ / gêng²
Wu (Wiktionary): jin (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jǐng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiing
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐng
  - Wade–Giles: ching³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging²
  - Yale: gíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin³
  - Sinological IPA: /kin³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jing²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
  - Tâi-lô: kíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keang
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng⁶ / gêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng / kéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³⁵/, /keŋ⁵²/

Note: gêng2 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: jin (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɪɲ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /kˠiæŋ^X/

Rime
Character	警
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居影切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ^X/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kreŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	警
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjaeng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kreŋʔ/
English	warn, admonish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	警
Reading #	1/1
No.	6879
Phonetic component	敬
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	警
Old Chinese	/*kreŋʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

警

to warn; to admonish
警告 ― jǐnggào ― to warn
to be on the alert; to be vigilant
警覺 / 警觉 ― jǐngjué ― vigilance
intuitive; sharp; alert
aphoristic; epigrammatic; witty
alarm; alert; siren
火警 ― huǒjǐng ― fire alarm
Short for 警察 (jǐngchá, “police”).

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 警

警探 (jǐngtàn)
警政
警政署
警暴 (jǐngbào)
警枕
警校 (jǐngxiào)
警械
警標／警标
警犬 (jǐngquǎn)
警眾／警众
警示 (jǐngshì)
警笛 (jǐngdí)
警策
警網／警网
警號／警号
警衛／警卫 (jǐngwèi)
警覺／警觉 (jǐngjué)
警角
警訊／警讯 (jǐngxùn)
警語／警语
警蹕／警跸
警車／警车 (jǐngchē)
警醒
警鈴／警铃
警鐘／警钟 (jǐngzhōng)
警鴿／警鸽
警鼓
跑警報／跑警报
路警
軍事警察／军事警察
軍法警察／军法警察
軍警／军警
違警／违警
違警罰法／违警罚法
邊警／边警
鎮暴警察／镇暴警察
鐵路警察／铁路警察
門警／门警 (ménjǐng)
預警／预警 (yùjǐng)
颱風警報／台风警报
駐衛警察／驻卫警察
駐警／驻警
鶴警／鹤警

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

警

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 警める)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

警 (eumhun 경계할 경 (gyeonggyehal gyeong))

Hanja form^? of 경 (“guard, watch”).
Hanja form^? of 경 (“alert, alarm”).

CompoundsEdit

경계 (警戒, gyeonggye, “being alert; vigilant”)
경호 (警護, gyeongho, “bodyguard”)

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

警: Hán Nôm readings: cảnh

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